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The time evolution of the spectral index and the non-thermal flux in 24 impulsive solar hard X-ray flares of GOES class M was studied in RHESSI observations. The high spectral resolution allows for a clean separation of thermal and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paolo C. Grigis , Arnold O. Benz

A number of double coronal X-ray sources have been observed during solar flares by RHESSI, where the two sources reside at different sides of the inferred reconnection site. However, where and how are these X-ray-emitting electrons…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Xiangliang Kong , Jing Ye , Bin Chen , Fan Guo , Chengcai Shen , Xiaocan Li , Sijie Yu , Yao Chen , Joe Giacalone

Hinode's observations revealed a very dynamic and complex chromosphere. This require revisiting the assumption that the chromospheric footpoints of solar flares are areas where accelerated particles only lose energy due to collisions.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-04 Rim Turkmani , John Brown

Magnetic reconnection is believed to be the dominant energy release mechanism in solar flares. The standard flare model predicts both downward and upward outflow plasmas with speeds close to the coronal Alfv\'{e}n speed. Yet, spectroscopic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-02 Hui Tian , Gang Li , Katharine K. Reeves , John C. Raymond , Fan Guo , Wei Liu , Bin Chen , Nicholas A. Murphy

Slow Long Duration Events (SLDEs) are flares characterized by long duration of rising phase. In many such cases impulsive phase is weak with lack of typical short-lasting pulses. Instead of that smooth, long-lasting Hard X-ray (HXR)…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Urszula Bak-Steslicka , Tomasz Mrozek , Sylwester Kolomanski

Investigate particle acceleration and heating in a solar microflare. In a microflare with non-thermal emission to remarkably high energies ($>50$ keV), we investigate the hard X-rays with RHESSI imaging and spectroscopy and the resulting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-17 I. G. Hannah , S. Krucker , H. S. Hudson , S. Christe , R. P. Lin

Solar flares are known to be prolific electron accelerators, yet identifying the mechanism(s) for such efficient electron acceleration in solar flare (and similar astrophysical settings) presents a major challenge. This is due in part to a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-18 Eduard P. Kontar , A. Gordon Emslie , Galina G. Motorina , Brian R. Dennis

To solve a number of problems in solar physics related to mechanisms of energy release in solar corona parameters of hot coronal plasma are required, such as energy distribution, emission measure, differential emission measure, and their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-26 G. G. Motorina , E. P. Kontar

[Abridged]We present analysis of a pair of unusually energetic coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources detected by RHESSI during the impulsive phase of an X3.9 class solar flare on 2003 November 3, which simultaneously shows two intense footpoint…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Qingrong Chen , Vahe Petrosian

During solar flares, a large flux of energetic electrons propagate from the tops of reconnecting magnetic flux tubes toward the lower atmosphere. Over the course of the electrons' transport, a co-spatial counter-streaming return current is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-25 Meriem Alaoui , Gordon D. Holman , Joel C. Allred , Rafael T. Eufrasio

We study the nature of energy release and transfer for two sub-A class solar microflares observed during the second flight of the Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI-2) sounding rocket experiment on 2014 December 11. FOXSI is the…

Polarization measurements of hard X-rays from solar flares can provide a direct handle on the extent to which the accelerated electrons are beamed, which, in turn, has important implications for particle acceleration models. Past efforts to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. L. McConnell , J. M. Ryan , D. M. Smith , R. P. Lin , A. G. Emslie

We compare the characteristics of flare-accelerated energetic electrons at the Sun with those injected into interplanetary space. We have identified 17 energetic electron events well-observed with the SEPT instrument aboard STEREO which…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Nina Dresing , A. Warmuth , F. Effenberger , K. -L. Klein , S. Musset , L. Glesener , M. Brüdern

Context: Hard X-ray emission of coronal sources in solar flares has been observed and studied since its discovery in Yohkoh observations. Several models have been proposed to explain the physical mechanisms causing this emission and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marina Battaglia , Arnold O. Benz

The radio emission during 201 X-ray selected solar flares was surveyed from 100 MHz to 4 GHz with the Phoenix-2 spectrometer of ETH Zurich. The selection includes all RHESSI flares larger than C5.0 jointly observed from launch until June…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Arnold O. Benz , Paolo Grigis , Andre Csillagy , Pascal Saint-Hilaire

A compact X-class flare on 2004-Feb-26 showed a concentrated source of hard X-rays at the tops of the flare's loops. This was analyzed in previous work (Longcope et al. 2010), and interpreted as plasma heated and compressed by slow…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-28 Dana Longcope , Jiong Qiu , Jasmine Brewer

The 'standard solar' flare model collects all physical ingredients identified by multi-wavelength observations of our Sun: magnetic reconnection, fast particle acceleration and the resulting emission at various wavelengths, especially in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 Wenzhi Ruan , Chun Xia , Rony Keppens

The hard X-ray (HXR) emission in solar flares comes almost exclusively from a very small part of the flaring region, the footpoints of magnetic loops. Using RHESSI observations of solar flare footpoints, we determine the radial positions…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Marina Battaglia , Eduard P. Kontar

Context: Solar flares release a large fraction of their energy into non-thermal electrons, but it is not clear where and how. Bremsstrahlung X-rays are observed from the corona and chromosphere. Aims: We aim to characterize the acceleration…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Marina Battaglia , Arnold O. Benz

The Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) X-ray data base (February 2002 -- May 2006) has been searched to find solar flares with weak thermal components and flat photon spectra. Using a regularised inversion technique, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. P. Kontar , E. Dickson , J. Kasparova