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We present a novel technique for tailoring Bayesian quadrature (BQ) to model selection. The state-of-the-art for comparing the evidence of multiple models relies on Monte Carlo methods, which converge slowly and are unreliable for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Henry Chai , Jean-Francois Ton , Roman Garnett , Michael A. Osborne

This paper introduces and reviews some of the principles and methods used in Bayesian reliability. It specifically discusses methods used in the analysis of success/no-success data and then reminds the reader of a simple Monte Carlo…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Carsten H. Botts

In all areas of human knowledge, datasets are increasing in both size and complexity, creating the need for richer statistical models. This trend is also true for economic data, where high-dimensional and nonlinear/nonparametric inference…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-12-23 Dimitris Korobilis , Kenichi Shimizu

One of the big challenges in astrophysics is the comparison of complex simulations to observations. As many codes do not directly generate observables (e.g. hydrodynamic simulations), the last step in the modelling process is often a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-08 Frederik Beaujean , Hans C. Eggers , Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf

The Bayesian approach to data analysis provides a powerful way to handle uncertainty in all observations, model parameters, and model structure using probability theory. Probabilistic programming languages make it easier to specify and fit…

In ecology, the description of species composition and biodiversity calls for statistical methods that involve estimating features of interest in unobserved samples based on an observed one. In the last decade, the Bayesian nonparametrics…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Alessandro Colombi , Raffaele Argiento , Federico Camerlenghi , Lucia Paci

Frequentist and likelihood methods of inference based on the multivariate skew-normal model encounter several technical difficulties with this model. In spite of the popularity of this class of densities, there are no broadly satisfactory…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-06 Brunero Liseo , Antonio Parisi

Determining if two histograms are consistent, whether they have been drawn from the same underlying distribution or not, is a common problem in physics. Existing approaches are not only limited in power but also inapplicable to histograms…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-09-29 M. J. Betancourt

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) provide a formalism to quantify and calibrate uncertainty in deep learning. Current inference approaches for BNNs often resort to few-sample estimation for scalability, which can harm predictive performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Zhe Zeng , Guy Van den Broeck

We investigate Bayesian predictive inference for finite population quantities when there are unequal probabilities of selection. Only limited information about the sample design is available; i.e., only the first-order selection…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-10 Junheng Ma , Joe Sedransk , Balgobin Nandram , Lu Chen

Context. Existing samples of strong lenses have been assembled by giving priority to sample size, at the cost of having a complex selection function. With the advent of the next generation of wide-field photometric surveys, however, it…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-15 Alessandro Sonnenfeld

In this paper we present a technique to couple non-traditional data with statistics based on survey data, in order to partially correct for the bias produced by non-random sample selections. All major social media platforms represent huge…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-21 Valerio Astuti

Bayesian model selection provides the cosmologist with an exacting tool to distinguish between competing models based purely on the data, via the Bayesian evidence. Previous methods to calculate this quantity either lacked general…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. R. Shaw , M. Bridges , M. P. Hobson

In performing a Bayesian analysis, two difficult problems often emerge. First, in estimating the parameters of some model for the data, the resulting posterior distribution may be multi-modal or exhibit pronounced (curving) degeneracies.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-20 F. Feroz , J. Skilling

Bayesian sampling is an important task in statistics and machine learning. Over the past decade, many ensemble-type sampling methods have been proposed. In contrast to the classical Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, these new methods deploy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Shi Chen , Zhiyan Ding , Qin Li

Nested sampling is a promising tool for Bayesian statistical analysis because it simultaneously performs parameter estimation and facilitates model comparison. MultiNest is one of the most popular nested sampling implementations, and has…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-24 Alexander J. Dittmann

Computer experiments are becoming increasingly important in scientific investigations. In the presence of uncertainty, analysts employ probabilistic sensitivity methods to identify the key-drivers of change in the quantities of interest.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Isadora Antoniano-Villalobos , Emanuele Borgonovo , Xuefei Lu

This review article considers some of the most common methods used in astronomy for regressing one quantity against another in order to estimate the model parameters or to predict an observationally expensive quantity using trends between…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-24 S. Andreon , M. A. Hurn

Statistical samples, in order to be representative, have to be drawn from a population in a random and unbiased way. Nevertheless, it is common practice in the field of model-based diagnosis to make estimations from (biased) best-first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Patrick Rodler , Fatima Elichanova

Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is a powerful method for carrying out Bayesian inference when the likelihood is computationally intractable. However, a drawback of ABC is that it is an approximate method that induces a systematic…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-29 Minh Ngoc Tran , Robert Kohn