Related papers: Evidence Against Evidence Theory (?!)
Bayesian evidence ratios give a very attractive way of comparing models, and being able to quote the odds on a particular model seems a very clear motivation for making a choice. Jeffreys' scale of evidence is often used in the…
Prior to recent successes using neural networks, term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) was clearly regarded as the best choice for identifying documents related to a query. We provide a different score, aver, and observe, on a…
To evaluate the effectiveness of a counterfactual policy, it is often necessary to extrapolate treatment effects on compliers to broader populations. This extrapolation relies on exogenous variation in instruments, which is often weak in…
Effects associated in quantum mechanics with a divisible probability wave are explained as physically real consequences of the equal but opposite reaction of the apparatus as a particle is measured. Taking as illustration a Mach-Zehnder…
An important aspect of Bayesian model selection is how to deal with huge model spaces, since exhaustive enumeration of all the models entertained is unfeasible and inferences have to be based on the very small proportion of models visited.…
Counterfactual communication protocols are analysed using three approaches: a classical argument, the weak trace criterion, and the Fisher information criterion. It is argued that the classical analysis leads to contradiction and should…
The classical conception of falsification presents scientific theories as entities that are decisively refuted when their predictions fail. This picture has long been challenged by both philosophical analysis and scientific practice, yet…
The uncertainty principle is one of the characteristic properties of quantum theory based on incompatibility. Apart from the incompatible relation of quantum states, mutually exclusiveness is another remarkable phenomenon in the…
Lawrence et al. have presented an argument purporting to show that "relative facts do not exist" and, consequently, "Relational Quantum Mechanics is incompatible with quantum mechanics". The argument is based on a GHZ-like contradiction…
In a recent preprint (Mosegaard and Curtis, 2024, arXiv:2411.13570v2) we analyzed the consequences of ignoring the well-known inconsistency of classical conditional probability densities. We explained how this inconsistency, together with…
This is a tutorial for the many-worlds theory by Everett, which includes some of my personal views. It has two main parts.The first main part shows the emergence of many worlds in a universe consisting of only a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.…
A large literature has grown up around the proposed use of 'weak measurements' (i.e., unsharp measurements followed by post-selection) to allegedly provide information about hidden ontological features of quantum systems. This paper…
Contrastive explanation methods go beyond transparency and address the contrastive aspect of explanations. Such explanations are emerging as an attractive option to provide actionable change to scenarios adversely impacted by classifiers'…
In this paper, we give a short Bayesian proof of Talagrand's celebrated majorizing-measure theorem (MMT). While the upper-bound direction of MMT follows relatively directly from standard arguments, the lower-bound direction is widely…
Almost two decades ago, Wattenberg published a paper with the title 'Nonstandard Analysis and Constructivism?' in which he speculates on a possible connection between Nonstandard Analysis and constructive mathematics. We study Wattenberg's…
Making classifiers robust to adversarial examples is hard. Thus, many defenses tackle the seemingly easier task of detecting perturbed inputs. We show a barrier towards this goal. We prove a general hardness reduction between detection and…
I provide additional arguments for refuting Vaidmans weak value analysis of the path of a particle in a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The argument uses sequential weak values to supplement my previous analysis according to which even…
We investigate how the use of bullet comparison algorithms and demonstrative evidence may affect juror perceptions of reliability, credibility, and understanding of expert witnesses and presented evidence. The use of statistical methods in…
The use of weak measurements for performing quantum tomography is enjoying increased attention due to several recent proposals. The advertised merits of using weak measurements in this context are varied, but are generally represented by…
Weak measurement [1,19] combined with quantum delayed-choice experiment that use quantum beam splitter instead of the beam splitter give rise to a surprising amplification effect, i.e., counterintuitive negative amplification effect. We…