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Benchmarking quantum computers often deals with the parameters of single qubits or gates and sometimes deals with algorithms run on an entire chip or a noisy simulator of a chip. Here we propose the idea of using protocols to benchmark…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Dekel Meirom , Tal Mor , Yossi Weinstein

Quantum programs are often shared as OpenQASM 3 circuits, but tests are still written in host languages such as Python with Qiskit. We present QUTest, a native framework in which both programs and tests are standard .qasm files. Tests…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 José Campos

We provide well-founded semantics for a quantum programming language Qwhile-hp with heap manipulations, where allocation statements follow a dirty pattern, meaning that newly allocated qubits can nondeterministically assume arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Bonan Su , Li Zhou , Yuan Feng , Mingsheng Ying

This paper explores the use of 2-categorical technology for describing and reasoning about complex quantum procedures. We give syntactic definitions of a family of complementary measurements, and of quantum key distribution, and show that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-12-31 Krzysztof Bar , Jamie Vicary

Quantum computations operate in the quantum world. For their results to be useful in any way, there is an intrinsic necessity of cooperation and communication controlled by the classical world. As a consequence, full formal descriptions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Philippe Jorrand , Marie Lalire

An effective, accessible abstraction hierarchy has made using and programming computers possible for people across all disciplines. Establishing such a hierarchy for quantum programming is an outstanding challenge, especially due to a…

This paper introduces a formal metalanguage called the lambda-q calculus for the specification of quantum programming languages. This metalanguage is an extension of the lambda calculus, which provides a formal setting for the specification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Philip Maymin

Question Answering (QA) has proved to be an arduous challenge in the area of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI). Many attempts have been made to develop complete solutions for QA as well as improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Pragya Katyayan , Nisheeth Joshi

Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs), or the so-called quantum neural-networks, are predicted to be one of the most important near-term quantum applications, not only because of their similar promises as classical neural-networks, but also…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Shaopeng Zhu , Shih-Han Hung , Shouvanik Chakrabarti , Xiaodi Wu

In this work, we propose a framework in the form of a Python package, specifically designed for the analysis of Quantum Machine Learning models. This framework is based on the PennyLane simulator and facilitates the evaluation and training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Melvin Strobl , Maja Franz , Eileen Kuehn , Wolfgang Mauerer , Achim Streit

We propose a model of a programmable quantum processing device realizable with existing nanophotonic technologies and which can be viewed as a basis for new high performance hardware architectures. We present protocols and their physical…

Quantum machine learning (QML) seeks to exploit the intrinsic properties of quantum mechanical systems, including superposition, coherence, and quantum entanglement for classical data processing. However, due to the exponential growth of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Timothy Heightman , Edward Jiang , Ruth Mora-Soto , Maciej Lewenstein , Marcin Płodzień

We propose a quantum kernel learning (QKL) framework to address the inherent data sparsity issues often encountered in training large-scare acoustic models in low-resource scenarios. We project acoustic features based on…

Quantum computations are expressed in general as quantum circuits, which are specified by ordered lists of quantum gates. The resulting specifications are used during the optimisation and execution of the expressed computations. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

With careful manipulation, malicious agents can reverse engineer private information encoded in pre-trained language models. Security concerns motivate the development of quantum pre-training. In this work, we propose a highly Portable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Shuyue Stella Li , Xiangyu Zhang , Shu Zhou , Hongchao Shu , Ruixing Liang , Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia

We describe a quantum error correction scheme aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. It is largely inspired by the theory of classical convolutional codes which are used in similar circumstances…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 H. Ollivier , J. -P. Tillich

We present a quantum circuit compiler that prepares an algorithm-specific graph state from quantum circuits described in high level languages, such as Cirq and Q#. The computation can then be implemented using a series of non-Pauli…

Following the simple observation that the interconnection of a set of quantum optical input-output devices can be specified using structural mode VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL), we demonstrate a computer-aided schematic capture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Nikolas Tezak , Armand Niederberger , Dmitri S. Pavlichin , Gopal Sarma , Hideo Mabuchi

Quantum physics modeling is technically complex and often non-descriptive. This article presents some approaches how quantum physical ideas can be represented by haptic models. For this purpose, models made from 3D printers, models made…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-12-12 Franziska Greinert , Malte S. Ubben

Linear types enforce no-cloning and no-deleting theorems in functional quantum programming. However, in imperative quantum programming, they have not gained widespread adoption. This work aims to develop a quantum type system that combines…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Mark Koch , Agustín Borgna , Craig Roy , Alan Lawrence , Kartik Singhal , Seyon Sivarajah , Ross Duncan