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Cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy is our richest source of cosmological information; the standard cosmological model was largely established thanks to study of the temperature anisotropies. By the end of the decade, the Planck…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 James G. Bartlett

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides us with our most direct observational window to the early universe. Observations of the temperature and polarization anisotropies in the CMB have played a critical role in defining the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Anthony Challinor

Voyage 2050 White Paper highlighting the unique science opportunities using spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). CMB spectral distortions probe many processes throughout the history of the Universe. Precision…

The polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)is a powerful observational tool at hand for modern cosmology. It allows to break the degeneracy of fundamental cosmological parameters one cannot obtain using only anisotropy data…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. V. Sazhin , G. Sironi , O. S. Khovanskaya

Forthcoming cosmic microwave background experiments (CMB) will provide precise new tests of structure-formation theories. The geometry of the Universe may be determined robustly, and the classical cosmological parameters, such as the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marc Kamionkowski

The Simons Observatory (SO) will make precision temperature and polarization measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) over angular scales between 1 arcminute and tens of degrees using over 60,000 detectors and sampling…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-08 Nicholas Galitzki

The search for the polarized imprint of primordial gravitational waves in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) as direct evidence of cosmic inflation requires exquisite sensitivity and control over systematics. The next-generation CMB-S4…

The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is now firmly established as a fundamental and essential probe of the geometry, constituents, and birth of the Universe. The CMB is a potent observable because it can be measured with…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 S. Hanany , M. Niemack , L. Page

Following the pioneering observations with COBE in the early 1990s, studies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have focused on temperature and polarization anisotropies. CMB spectral distortions - tiny departures of the CMB energy…

In this lecture, after a synthetic review of measurements of CMB temperature anisotropies and of their cosmological implications, the theoretical background of CMB polarization is summarized and the concepts of the main experiments that are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Gianfranco De Zotti

The study of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization is still in a pioneering stage, but promises to bring a huge advancement in cosmology in the near future, just as high-accuracy observations of the anisotropies in the total…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Amedeo Balbi , Paolo Natoli , Nicola Vittorio

Much recent work on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) has focussed on the angular power spectrum of temperature anisotropies and particularly on the recovery of cosmological parameters from acoustic peaks in the power spectrum. However,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marc Kamionkowski

Since the measurements of COBE/FIRAS in the mid-90's we know that the energy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is extremely close to that of a perfect blackbody at an average temperature T0~2.726K. However, a number of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-11 Jens Chluba

The DASI discovery of CMB polarization, confirmed by WMAP, has opened a new chapter in cosmology. Most of the useful information about inflationary gravitational waves and reionization is on large angular scales where Galactic foreground…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Angelica de Oliveira-Costa

Detecting the imprint of inflationary gravitational waves on the $B$-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is one of the main science cases for current and next-generation CMB experiments. In this work we explore some…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-15 David Alonso , Joanna Dunkley , Sigurd Naess , Ben Thorne

We evaluate the expected level of foreground contamination to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarised radiation, focusing on the diffuse emission from our own Galaxy. In particular, we perform a first attempt to simulate an all sky…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Carlo Baccigalupi

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-13 Kevork Abazajian , Arwa Abdulghafour , Graeme E. Addison , Peter Adshead , Zeeshan Ahmed , Marco Ajello , Daniel Akerib , Steven W. Allen , David Alonso , Marcelo Alvarez , Mustafa A. Amin , Mandana Amiri , Adam Anderson , Behzad Ansarinejad , Melanie Archipley , Kam S. Arnold , Matt Ashby , Han Aung , Carlo Baccigalupi , Carina Baker , Abhishek Bakshi , Debbie Bard , Denis Barkats , Darcy Barron , Peter S. Barry , James G. Bartlett , Paul Barton , Ritoban Basu Thakur , Nicholas Battaglia , Jim Beall , Rachel Bean , Dominic Beck , Sebastian Belkner , Karim Benabed , Amy N. Bender , Bradford A. Benson , Bobby Besuner , Matthieu Bethermin , Sanah Bhimani , Federico Bianchini , Simon Biquard , Ian Birdwell , Colin A. Bischoff , Lindsey Bleem , Paulina Bocaz , James J. Bock , Sebastian Bocquet , Kimberly K. Boddy , J. Richard Bond , Julian Borrill , Francois R. Bouchet , Thejs Brinckmann , Michael L. Brown , Sean Bryan , Victor Buza , Karen Byrum , Erminia Calabrese , Victoria Calafut , Robert Caldwell , John E. Carlstrom , Julien Carron , Thomas Cecil , Anthony Challinor , Victor Chan , Clarence L. Chang , Scott Chapman , Eric Charles , Eric Chauvin , Cheng Cheng , Grace Chesmore , Kolen Cheung , Yuji Chinone , Jens Chluba , Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho , Steve Choi , Justin Clancy , Susan Clark , Asantha Cooray , Gabriele Coppi , John Corlett , Will Coulton , Thomas M. Crawford , Abigail Crites , Ari Cukierman , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , Wei-Ming Dai , Cail Daley , Eli Dart , Gregorg Daues , Tijmen de Haan , Cosmin Deaconu , Jacques Delabrouille , Greg Derylo , Mark Devlin , Eleonora Di Valentino , Marion Dierickx , Brad Dober , Randy Doriese , Shannon Duff , Daniel Dutcher , Cora Dvorkin , Rolando Dünner , Tarraneh Eftekhari , Joseph Eimer , Hamza El Bouhargani , Tucker Elleflot , Nick Emerson , Josquin Errard , Thomas Essinger-Hileman , Giulio Fabbian , Valentina Fanfani , Alessandro Fasano , Chang Feng , Simone Ferraro , Jeffrey P. Filippini , Raphael Flauger , Brenna Flaugher , Aurelien A. Fraisse , Josef Frisch , Andrei Frolov , Nicholas Galitzki , Patricio A. Gallardo , Silvia Galli , Ken Ganga , Martina Gerbino , Christos Giannakopoulos , Murdock Gilchriese , Vera Gluscevic , Neil Goeckner-Wald , David Goldfinger , Daniel Green , Paul Grimes , Daniel Grin , Evan Grohs , Riccardo Gualtieri , Vic Guarino , Jon E. Gudmundsson , Ian Gullett , Sam Guns , Salman Habib , Gunther Haller , Mark Halpern , Nils W. Halverson , Shaul Hanany , Emma Hand , Kathleen Harrington , Masaya Hasegawa , Matthew Hasselfield , Masashi Hazumi , Katrin Heitmann , Shawn Henderson , Brandon Hensley , Ryan Herbst , Carlos Hervias-Caimapo , J. Colin Hill , Richard Hills , Eric Hivon , Renée Hlozek , Anna Ho , Gil Holder , Matt Hollister , William Holzapfel , John Hood , Selim Hotinli , Alec Hryciuk , Johannes Hubmayr , Kevin M. Huffenberger , Howard Hui , Roberto Ibá nez , Ayodeji Ibitoye , Margaret Ikape , Kent Irwin , Cooper Jacobus , Oliver Jeong , Bradley R. Johnson , Doug Johnstone , William C. Jones , John Joseph , Baptiste Jost , Jae Hwan Kang , Ari Kaplan , Kirit S. Karkare , Nobuhiko Katayama , Reijo Keskitalo , Cesiley King , Theodore Kisner , Matthias Klein , Lloyd Knox , Brian J. Koopman , Arthur Kosowsky , John Kovac , Ely D. Kovetz , Alex Krolewski , Donna Kubik , Steve Kuhlmann , Chao-Lin Kuo , Akito Kusaka , Anne Lähteenmäki , Kenny Lau , Charles R. Lawrence , Adrian T. Lee , Louis Legrand , Matthaeus Leitner , Clément Leloup , Antony Lewis , Dale Li , Eric Linder , Ioannis Liodakis , Jia Liu , Kevin Long , Thibaut Louis , Marilena Loverde , Lindsay Lowry , Chunyu Lu , Phil Lubin , Yin-Zhe Ma , Thomas Maccarone , Mathew S. Madhavacheril , Felipe Maldonado , Adam Mantz , Gabriela Marques , Frederick Matsuda , Philip Mauskopf , Jared May , Heather McCarrick , Ken McCracken , Jeffrey McMahon , P. Daniel Meerburg , Jean-Baptiste Melin , Felipe Menanteau , Joel Meyers , Marius Millea , Vivian Miranda , Don Mitchell , Joseph Mohr , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Maria Elena Monzani , Magdy Moshed , Tony Mroczkowski , Suvodip Mukherjee , Moritz Münchmeyer , Daisuke Nagai , Chandan Nagarajappa , Johanna Nagy , Toshiya Namikawa , Federico Nati , Tyler Natoli , Simran Nerval , Laura Newburgh , Hogan Nguyen , Erik Nichols , Andrina Nicola , Michael D. Niemack , Brian Nord , Tim Norton , Valentine Novosad , Roger O'Brient , Yuuki Omori , Giorgio Orlando , Benjamin Osherson , Rachel Osten , Stephen Padin , Scott Paine , Bruce Partridge , Sanjaykumar Patil , Don Petravick , Matthew Petroff , Elena Pierpaoli , Mauricio Pilleux , Levon Pogosian , Karthik Prabhu , Clement Pryke , Giuseppe Puglisi , Benjamin Racine , Srinivasan Raghunathan , Alexandra Rahlin , Marco Raveri , Ben Reese , Christian L. Reichardt , Mathieu Remazeilles , Arianna Rizzieri , Graca Rocha , Natalie A. Roe , Kaja Rotermund , Anirban Roy , John E. Ruhl , Joe Saba , Noah Sailer , Maria Salatino , Benjamin Saliwanchik , Leonid Sapozhnikov , Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao , Lauren Saunders , Emmanuel Schaan , Alessandro Schillaci , Benjamin Schmitt , Douglas Scott , Neelima Sehgal , Sarah Shandera , Blake D. Sherwin , Erik Shirokoff , Corwin Shiu , Sara M. Simon , Baibhav Singari , Anze Slosar , David Spergel , Tyler St. Germaine , Suzanne T. Staggs , Antony A. Stark , Glenn D. Starkman , Bryan Steinbach , Radek Stompor , Chris Stoughton , Aritoki Suzuki , Osamu Tajima , Chris Tandoi , Grant P. Teply , Gregg Thayer , Keith Thompson , Ben Thorne , Peter Timbie , Maurizio Tomasi , Cynthia Trendafilova , Matthieu Tristram , Carole Tucker , Gregory Tucker , Caterina Umiltà , Alexander van Engelen , Joshiwa van Marrewijk , Eve M. Vavagiakis , Clara Vergès , Joaquin D. Vieira , Abigail G. Vieregg , Kasey Wagoner , Benjamin Wallisch , Gensheng Wang , Guo-Jian Wang , Scott Watson , Duncan Watts , Chris Weaver , Lukas Wenzl , Ben Westbrook , Martin White , Nathan Whitehorn , Andrew Wiedlea , Paul Williams , Robert Wilson , Harrison Winch , Edward J. Wollack , W. L. Kimmy Wu , Zhilei Xu , Volodymyr G. Yefremenko , Cyndia Yu , David Zegeye , Jeff Zivick , Andrea Zonca

In addition to its spectrum and temperature anisotropy, the 2.7K Cosmic Microwave Background is also expected to exhibit a low level of polarization. The spatial power spectrum of the polarization can provide details about the formation of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Brian Keating , Peter Timbie , Alexander Polnarev , Julia Steinberger

CMB-S4 will map the cosmic microwave background to unprecedented precision, while simultaneously surveying the millimeter-wave time-domain sky, in order to advance our understanding of cosmology and the universe. CMB-S4 will observe from…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-04 Darcy R. Barron , Amy N. Bender , Ian E. Birdwell , John E. Carlstrom , Jacques Delabrouille , Sam Guns , John Kovac , Charles R. Lawrence , Scott Paine , Nathan Whitehorn

The tremendous experimental progress in cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropy studies over the last few years has helped establish a standard paradigm for cosmology at intermediate epochs and has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-12 Wayne Hu