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Machine learning tasks may admit multiple competing models that achieve similar performance yet produce conflicting outputs for individual samples -- a phenomenon known as predictive multiplicity. We demonstrate that fairness interventions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Carol Xuan Long , Hsiang Hsu , Wael Alghamdi , Flavio P. Calmon

Prox-regularity is a generalization of convexity that includes all C2, lower-C2, strongly amenable and primal-lower-nice functions. The study of prox-regular functions provides insight on a broad spectrum of important functions.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Warren Hare , Chayne Planiden

We study the fair allocation of indivisible items under relevance constraints, where each agent has a set of relevant items and can only receive items that are relevant to them. While the relevance constraint has been studied in recent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ankang Sun , Ruijie Wang , Bo Li

This paper introduces a framework for post-processing machine learning models so that their predictions satisfy multi-group fairness guarantees. Based on the celebrated notion of multicalibration, we introduce $(\mathbf{s},\mathcal{G},…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-06 Lujing Zhang , Aaron Roth , Linjun Zhang

What is a fair performance metric? We consider the choice of fairness metrics through the lens of metric elicitation -- a principled framework for selecting performance metrics that best reflect implicit preferences. The use of metric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-04 Gaurush Hiranandani , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Oluwasanmi Koyejo

Covariance-based data processing is widespread across signal processing and machine learning applications due to its ability to model data interconnectivities and dependencies. However, harmful biases in the data may become encoded in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Andrea Cavallo , Madeline Navarro , Santiago Segarra , Elvin Isufi

It has been shown that dimension reduction methods such as PCA may be inherently prone to unfairness and treat data from different sensitive groups such as race, color, sex, etc., unfairly. In pursuit of fairness-enhancing dimensionality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Farzin Haddadpour , Rana Forsati , Mehrdad Mahdavi

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a vital paradigm in modern machine learning that enables collaborative training across decentralized data sources without exchanging raw data. This approach not only addresses privacy concerns but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zahra Kharaghani , Ali Dadras , Tommy Löfstedt

We present a new data-driven model of fairness that, unlike existing static definitions of individual or group fairness is guided by the unfairness complaints received by the system. Our model supports multiple fairness criteria and takes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Pranjal Awasthi , Corinna Cortes , Yishay Mansour , Mehryar Mohri

Fairness-accuracy trade-offs are a central concern in the deployment of fairness-aware machine learning methods. When sensitive attributes are unavailable at inference time-the so called unawareness setting, principled methods for obtaining…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 M. Generali Lince , V. Divol , R. Flamary , S. Gaucher , P. Loiseau

Recommender systems are widely used to provide personalized recommendations to users. Recent research has shown that recommender systems may be subject to different types of biases, such as popularity bias, leading to an uneven distribution…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Giovanni Pellegrini , Vittorio Maria Faraco , Yashar Deldjoo

The evaluation of fairness models in Machine Learning involves complex challenges, such as defining appropriate metrics, balancing trade-offs between utility and fairness, and there are still gaps in this stage. This work presents a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gökhan Özbulak , Oscar Jimenez-del-Toro , Maíra Fatoretto , Lilian Berton , André Anjos

There has been great interest in fairness in machine learning, especially in relation to classification problems. In ranking-related problems, such as in online advertising, recommender systems, and HR automation, much work on fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Andrii Kliachkin , Eleni Psaroudaki , Jakub Marecek , Dimitris Fotakis

Machine learning practitioners frequently observe tension between predictive accuracy and group fairness constraints -- yet sometimes fairness interventions appear to improve accuracy. We show that both phenomena can be artifacts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Amir Asiaee , Kaveh Aryan

Recent research has highlighted a critical issue known as ``robust fairness", where robust accuracy varies significantly across different classes, undermining the reliability of deep neural networks (DNNs). A common approach to address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Gaojie Jin , Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Tianjin Huang , Ronghui Mu

While conventional ranking systems focus solely on maximizing the utility of the ranked items to users, fairness-aware ranking systems additionally try to balance the exposure for different protected attributes such as gender or race. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Omid Memarrast , Ashkan Rezaei , Rizal Fathony , Brian Ziebart

As AI systems develop in complexity it is becoming increasingly hard to ensure non-discrimination on the basis of protected attributes such as gender, age, and race. Many recent methods have been developed for dealing with this issue as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Yair Horesh , Noa Haas , Elhanan Mishraky , Yehezkel S. Resheff , Shir Meir Lador

Unfair pricing policies have been shown to be one of the most negative perceptions customers can have concerning pricing, and may result in long-term losses for a company. Despite the fact that dynamic pricing models help companies maximize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Roberto Maestre , Juan Duque , Alberto Rubio , Juan Arévalo

Matrix regression plays an important role in modern data analysis due to its ability to handle complex relationships involving both matrix and vector variables. We propose a class of regularized regression models capable of predicting both…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Meixia Lin , Ziyang Zeng , Yangjing Zhang

We consider the question of estimating a solution to a system of equations that involve convex nonlinearities, a problem that is common in machine learning and signal processing. Because of these nonlinearities, conventional estimators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Sohail Bahmani , Justin Romberg