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According to the giant impact theory, the Moon formed through accreting the debris disk produced by a collision between Theia and the proto-Earth, and the predicted lunar orbital inclination relative to the Earth's equatorial plane is about…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Wenshuai Liu

Large satellite constellations are one of the main reasons for an increasing amount of mass being brought into low Earth orbit in recent years. After end of life, the satellites, as well as rocket stages, reenter Earth's atmosphere. This…

We ran several series of two-dimensional numerical mantle convection simulations representing in idealized form the thermochemical evolution of a Mars-like planet. In order to study the importance of compositional buoyancy of melting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-15 Thomas Ruedas , Doris Breuer

The paper addresses the possibility of a young Mars having had a massive moon, which synchronised the rotation of Mars, and gave Mars an initial asymmetric triaxiality to be later boosted by geological processes. It turns out that a moon of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-15 Michael Efroimsky

Ancient hydrology is recorded by sedimentary rocks on Mars. The most voluminous sedimentary rocks that formed during Mars' Hesperian period are sulfate-rich rocks, explored by the $Opportunity$ rover from 2004-2012 and soon to be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Edwin S. Kite , Mohit Melwani Daswani

Observations of exoplanetary spectra are leading to unprecedented constraints on their atmospheric elemental abundances, particularly O/H, C/H, and C/O ratios. Recent studies suggest that elemental ratios could provide important constraints…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-09 Arazi Pinhas , Nikku Madhusudhan , Cathie Clarke

New insights into the history of the inner solar system are derived from the impact cratering record of the Moon, Mars, Venus and Mercury, and from the size distributions of asteroid populations. Old craters from a unique period of heavy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Robert G. Strom , Renu Malhotra , Takashi Ito , Fumi Yoshida , David A. Kring

Phobos and Deimos are the two small moons of Mars. Recent works have shown that they can accrete within an impact-generated disk. However, the detailed structure and initial thermodynamic properties of the disk are poorly understood. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-30 Ryuki Hyodo , Hidenori Genda , Sébastien Charnoz , Pascal Rosenblatt

Recent high-precision measurements of the isotopic composition of lunar rocks demonstrate that the bulk silicate Earth and the Moon show an unexpectedly high degree of similarity. This is inconsistent with one of the primary results of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-14 R. J. de Meijer , V. F. Anisichkin , W. van Westrenen

As the number of planetary mass objects (PMOs, $\lessapprox$13 M$_{\rm{Jupiter}}$) at wider separation ($\gtrapprox$10 AU) grows, there is emerging evidence that they form differently from their higher-mass brown-dwarf (BD) counterparts.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-07 Ji Wang

Knowing the isotopic composition of Theia, the proto-planet which collided with the Earth in the Giant Impact that formed the Moon, could provide interesting insights on the state of homogenization of the inner solar system at the late…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-16 Matthias M. M. Meier , Andreas Reufer , Rainer Wieler

The surfaces of many white dwarfs are polluted by metals, implying a recent accretion event. The tidal disruption of planetesimals is a viable source of white dwarf pollution and offers a unique window into the composition of exoplanet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-09 Tatsuya Akiba , Selah McIntyre , Ann-Marie Madigan

The impactor flux early in Mars history was much higher than today, so sedimentary sequences include many buried craters. In combination with models for the impactor flux, observations of the number of buried craters can constrain…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Edwin S. Kite , Antoine Lucas , Caleb I. Fassett

We use a hierarchy of numerical models (a 3-D Global Climate Model, a 1-D radiative-convective model and a 2-D Mantle Dynamics model) to explore the environmental effects of very large impacts on the atmosphere, surface and interior of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-09 Martin Turbet , Cédric Gillmann , François Forget , Baptiste Baudin , Ashley Palumbo , James Head , Özgür Karatekin

The origin of Phobos and Deimos is still an open question. Currently, none of the three proposed scenarios for their origin (intact capture of two distinct outer solar system small bodies, co-accretion with Mars, and accretion within an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-21 Thomas Ronnet , Pierre Vernazza , Olivier Mousis , Bastien Brugger , Pierre Beck , Bertrand Devouard , Olivier Witasse , Fabrice Cipriani

The final composition of giant planets formed as a result of gravitational instability in the disk gas depends on their ability to capture solid material (planetesimals) during their 'pre-collapse' stage, when they are extended and cold,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 R. Helled , P. Bodenheimer

Accretion among planets is a poorly understood phenomenon, due to lack of both observational and theoretical studies. Detection of emission lines from accreting gas giants facilitate detailed investigations into this process. This work…

The multiple impact hypothesis proposes that the Moon formed through a series of smaller collisions, rather than a single giant impact. This study advances our understanding of this hypothesis, as well as moon collisions in other contexts,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-14 Uri Malamud , Hagai Perets

All planets and satellites of our solar system are subject to a continuous rain of material, ranging in size from specks of dust to objects the size of boulders. Upon impact, these objects deposit their kinetic energy into the incident…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-29 Apostolos Christou , Jeremie Vaubaillon , Paul Withers , Ricardo Hueso , Rosemary Killen

It is still unknown how much water has escaped from Mars during its history. Hydrogen escape from Mars's atmosphere probably played a major role in drying the planet, but present-day Hloss rates (about 3x10^26 atoms per second on average)…