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One of the most notable aspects of quantum systems is that their components can exhibit correlations much stronger than those allowed by classical physics. Two examples of quantum correlations are quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-30 Matthew Low

We analyze the structure of the so called non-signaling theories respecting relativistic causality but allowing correlations violating bounds imposed by quantum mechanics such as CHSH inequality. We discuss relations among such theories,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-08 Tomasz Ignacy Tylec , Marek Kuś

Physical theories constrained with local quantum structure and satisfying the no-signalling principle can allow beyond-quantum global states. In a standard Bell experiment, correlations obtained from any such beyond-quantum bipartite state…

This paper is aimed to dissociate nonlocality from quantum theory. We demonstrate that the tests on violation of the Bell type inequalities are simply statistical tests of local incompatibility of observables. In fact, these are tests on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Andrei Khrennikov

In contrast with classical physics, in quantum physics some sets of measurements are incompatible in the sense that they can not be performed simultaneously. Among other applications, incompatibility allows for contextuality and Bell…

Self-testing is a method to characterise an arbitrary quantum system based only on its classical input-output correlations, and plays an important role in device-independent quantum information processing as well as quantum complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Tony Metger , Thomas Vidick

The device-independent approach to physics is one where conclusions about physical systems (and hence of Nature) are drawn directly and solely from the observed correlations between measurement outcomes. This operational approach to physics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-28 Yeong-Cherng Liang , Yanbao Zhang

In contrast to the wide-spread opinion that any separable quantum state satisfies every classical probabilistic constraint, we present a simple example where a separable quantum state does not satisfy the original Bell inequality although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elena R. Loubenets

Quantum theory is inconsistent with any local hidden variable model as was first shown by Bell. To test Bell inequalities two separated observers extract correlations from a common ensemble of identical systems. Since quantum theory does…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-19 Shmuel Marcovitch , Benni Reznik

Controllable systems relying on quantum behavior to simulate distinctly quantum models so far rely on increasingly challenging classical computing to verify their results. We develop a general protocol for confirming that an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-07 Dvir Kafri , Jacob Taylor

Relativistic invariance is a physical law verified in several domains of physics. The impossibility of faster than light influences is not questioned by quantum theory. In quantum electrodynamics, in quantum field theory and in the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-05 Marian Kupczynski

Bell's test, initially devised to distinguish quantum theory from local hidden variable models through {violations of local bounds}, is also a common tool for detecting entanglement. For this purpose, one can assume the quantum description…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Liang-Liang Sun , Yong-Shun Song , Sixia Yu

It is demonstrated that identifying information-theoretic limitations of quantum Bell nonlocality alone cannot completely distinguish quantum theory from generalized nonsignaling theories. To this end, an information-theoretic concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Chellasamy Jebarathinam

This text is an introduction to an operational outlook on Bell inequalities, which has been very fruitful in the past few years. It has lead to the recognition that Bell tests have their own place in applied quantum technologies, because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Valerio Scarani

Bell non-locality is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics whereby measurements performed on "spatially separated" quantum systems can exhibit correlations that cannot be understood as revealing predetermined values. This is a special…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Atul Singh Arora , Kishor Bharti , Alexandru Cojocaru , Andrea Coladangelo

The state of a quantum system, consisting of two distinct subsystems, is called separable if it can be prepared by two distant experimenters who receive instructions from a common source, via classical communication channels. A necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Asher Peres

In the first part of this thesis Bell's theorem is revisited. It points at a difference between the quantum and the classical world. This difference is often behind the advantages of solutions using quantum mechanics. New and more general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-08-23 Tomasz Paterek

A deterministic, relativistically local and thus classical Bell-type apparatus is reported that violates the Bell-CHSH inequality by introducing a simple local memory element in the detector and by requiring the detector combinations to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frederick H. Willeboordse

Entanglement, a defining property of quantum mechanics in which two physical subsystems cannot be seen as independent entities, challenges our everyday experience and classical intuition. However, only such strong quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Enno Giese

Over the past few decades, experimental tests of Bell-type inequalities have been at the forefront of understanding quantum mechanics and its implications. These strong bounds on specific measurements on a physical system originate from…

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