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The quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem arises in diverse optimization applications ranging from Ising spin problems to classical problems in graph theory and binary discrete optimization. The use of preprocessing to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Fred Glover , Mark Lewis , Gary Kochenberger

This paper proposes a quasi-binary encoding based algorithm for solving a specific quadratic optimization models with discrete variables, in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) framework. The quadratic optimization model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Bingren Chen , Hanqing Wu , Haomu Yuan , Lei Wu , Xin Li

Quantum computations are very important branch of modern cryptology. According to the number of working physical qubits available in general-purpose quantum computers and in quantum annealers, there is no coincidence, that nowadays quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Michał Wroński , Mateusz Leśniak

Although quantum computing hardware has evolved significantly in recent years, spurred by increasing industrial and government interest, the size limitation of current generation quantum computers remains an obstacle when applying these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-20 Gideon Bass , Max Henderson , Joshua Heath , Joseph Dulny

Current quantum computing devices have different strengths and weaknesses depending on their architectures. This means that flexible approaches to circuit design are necessary. We address this task by introducing a novel space-efficient…

Quantum annealers provide an effective framework for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. This work presents a novel methodology for training Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) by reformulating the parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Ernesto Acosta , Guillermo Botella , Carlos Cano

This work focuses on quantum methods for cryptanalysis of schemes based on the integer factorization problem and the discrete logarithm problem. We demonstrate how to practically solve the largest instances of the factorization problem by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Olgierd Żołnierczyk

We have developed a framework to convert an arbitrary integer factorization problem to an executable Ising model by first writing it as an optimization function and then transforming the k-bit coupling ($k\geq 3$) terms to quadratic terms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Shuxian Jiang , Keith A. Britt , Alexander J. McCaskey , Travis S. Humble , Sabre Kais

Quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to do computation with a potential advantage over classical computers. While a single classical computer transforms one particular binary input into an output after applying one…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Francisco Chicano , Gabiel Luque , Zakaria Abdelmoiz Dahi , Rodrigo Gil-Merino

The even distribution and optimization of tasks across resources and workstations is a critical process in manufacturing aimed at maximizing efficiency, productivity, and profitability, known as Robotic Assembly Line Balancing (RALB). With…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Moritz Willmann , Marcel Albus , Jan Schnabel , Marco Roth

Quantum annealing may provide advantages over simulated annealing on solving some problems such as Kth order binary optimization problem. No feasible architecture exists to implement the high-order optimization problem (K > 2) on current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 Yong-Chao Tang , Guo-Xing Miao

This paper investigates novel techniques to solve prime factorization by quantum annealing (QA). Our contribution is twofold. First, we present a novel and very compact modular encoding of a binary multiplier circuit into the Pegasus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-27 Jingwen Ding , Giuseppe Spallitta , Roberto Sebastiani

Many standard linear algebra problems can be solved on a quantum computer by using recently developed quantum linear algebra algorithms that make use of block encodings and quantum eigenvalue/singular value transformations. A block encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Daan Camps , Lin Lin , Roel Van Beeumen , Chao Yang

We use exact enumeration to characterize the solutions of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems of less than 21 variables in terms of their distributions of Hamming distances to close-by solutions. We also perform experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Vrinda Mehta , Fengping Jin , Kristel Michielsen , Hans De Raedt

Quantum annealing is a heuristic quantum optimization algorithm that can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In recent years, advances in quantum technologies have enabled the development of small- and intermediate-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Sheir Yarkoni , Elena Raponi , Thomas Bäck , Sebastian Schmitt

Diagnosing the minimal set of faults capable of explaining a set of given observations, e.g., from sensor readouts, is a hard combinatorial optimization problem usually tackled with artificial intelligence techniques. We present the mapping…

We aim to advance the state-of-the-art in Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization formulation with a focus on cryptography algorithms. As the minimal QUBO encoding of the linear constraints of optimization problems emerges as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Gregory Morse , Tamás Kozsik , Oskar Mencer , Peter Rakyta

Quantum annealers (QAs) are specialized quantum computers that minimize objective functions over discrete variables by physically exploiting quantum effects. Current QA platforms allow for the optimization of quadratic objectives defined…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Zhengbing Bian , Fabian Chudak , William Macready , Aidan Roy , Roberto Sebastiani , Stefano Varotti

In this paper we experimentally test the performance of the recently proposed domain-wall encoding of discrete variables from [Chancellor Quantum Sci. Technol. 4 045004] on Ising model flux qubit quantum annealers. We compare this encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-23 Jie Chen , Tobias Stollenwerk , Nicholas Chancellor

To increase efficiency in automotive manufacturing, newly produced vehicles can move autonomously from the production line to the distribution area. This requires an optimal placement of sensors to ensure full coverage while minimizing the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Nico Kraus , Marvin Erdmann , Alexander Kuzmany , Daniel Porawski , Jonas Stein