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"Quantum mechanics must be regarded as open systems. On one hand, this is due to the fact that, like in classical physics, any realistic system is subjected to a coupling to an uncontrollable environment which influences it in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Nicolosi

This paper considers quantum communication involving an ensemble of states. Apart from the von Neumann entropy, it considers other measures one of which may be useful in obtaining information about an unknown pure state and another that may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-11 Subhash Kak

We present a theory which describes a recently introduced model of an evolving, adaptive system in which agents compete to be in the minority. The agents themselves are able to evolve their strategies over time in an attempt to improve…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 T. S. Lo , P. M. Hui , N. F. Johnson

We derive a class of macroscopic differential equations that describe collective adaptation, starting from a discrete-time stochastic microscopic model. The behavior of each agent is a dynamic balance between adaptation that locally…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-05-15 Yuzuru Sato , Eizo Akiyama , James P. Crutchfield

Individual cooperative strategy influences the surrounding dynamic population, which in turn affects cooperative strategy. To better model this phenomenon, we develop a Markov decision chain based game transitions model and examine the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-30 Chaoyang Luo , Yuji Zhang , Minyu Feng , Attila Szolnoki

Efficient collaborative decision making is an important challenge for multiagent systems. Finding optimal joint actions is especially challenging when each agent has only imperfect information about the state of its environment. Such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-28 Frans A. Oliehoek , Shimon Whiteson , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

Game theory has been applied in many fields of study, especially economics and political science. Arce M. and Sandler (2005) analyzed counter-terrorism using non-cooperative game theory (the players are, for example, the US and the EU),…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Sung Chan Choi

The game interactions among individuals in nature are often uncertain and dynamically evolving, significantly influencing the persistence of cooperation. However, it remains a formidable challenge to effectively characterize these dynamic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bin Pi , Minyu Feng , Liang-Jian Deng , Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

The field of Game Theory provides a useful mechanism for modeling many decision-making scenarios. In participating in these scenarios individuals and groups adopt particular strategies, which generally perform with varying levels of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Francis Lawlor , Rem Collier , Vivek Nallur

Conventional noncooperative game theory hypothesizes that the joint strategy of a set of players in a game must satisfy an "equilibrium concept". All other joint strategies are considered impossible; the only issue is what equilibrium…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 David H. Wolpert

Evolutionary game theory is a common framework to study the evolution of cooperation, where it is usually assumed that the same game is played in all interactions. Here, we investigate a model where the game that is played by two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-10-21 Marco A. Amaral , Jafferson K. L. da Silva , Lucas Wardil

Quantum Decision Theory, advanced earlier by the authors, and illustrated for lotteries with gains, is generalized to the games containing lotteries with gains as well as losses. The mathematical structure of the approach is based on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-20 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

Game theory-based approaches have recently gained traction in a wide range of applications, importantly in power and energy systems. With the onset of cooperation as a new perspective for solving power system problems, as well as the nature…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-15 Mukesh Gautam , Mohammed Ben-Idris

Extensive work has been conducted both in game theory and logic to model strategic interaction. An important question is whether we can use these theories to design agents for interacting with people? On the one hand, they provide a formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Sarit Kraus

In this paper we extend the framework of evolutionary inspection game put forward recently by the author and coworkers to a large class of conflict interactions dealing with the pressure executed by the major player (or principal) on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Vassili Kolokoltsov

In this paper, we introduce a framework of new mathematical representation of Game Theory, including static classical game and static quantum game. The idea is to find a set of base vectors in every single-player strategy space and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jinshan Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

Recent development in quantum computation and quantum information theory allows to extend the scope of game theory for the quantum world. The authors have recently proposed a quantum description of financial market in terms of quantum game…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward W. Piotrowski , Jan Sladkowski

We introduce an elementary quantum system consisting of a set of spins on a graph and a particle hopping between its nodes. The quantum state is build sequentially, applying a unitary transformation that couples neighboring spins and, at a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Alberto D. Verga

Game theory is used by all behavioral sciences, but its development has long centered around tools for relatively simple games and toy systems, such as the economic interpretation of equilibrium outcomes. Our contribution, compositional…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Seth Frey , Jules Hedges , Joshua Tan , Philipp Zahn