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We describe and experimentally evaluate a method for automatically clustering words according to their distribution in particular syntactic contexts. Deterministic annealing is used to find lowest distortion sets of clusters. As the…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Fernando Pereira , Naftali Tishby , Lillian Lee

It is well known that computing a minimum DFA consistent with a given set of positive and negative examples is NP-hard. Previous work has identified conditions on the input sample under which the problem becomes tractable or remains hard.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Radu Cosmin Dumitru , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

We discuss the problem of learning a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a confidence oracle. That is, we are given access to an oracle $Q$ with incomplete knowledge of some target language $L$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$; the oracle…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Wilson Wu

We present an algorithm for regular expression parsing and submatch extraction based on tagged deterministic finite automata. The algorithm works with different disambiguation policies. We give detailed pseudocode for the algorithm,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Angelo Borsotti , Ulya Trafimovich

We introduce deterministic suffix-reading automata (DSA), a new automaton model over finite words. Transitions in a DSA are labeled with words. From a state, a DSA triggers an outgoing transition on seeing a word ending with the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-31 R Keerthan , B Srivathsan , R Venkatesh , Sagar Verma

A wide range of constraints can be compactly specified using automata or formal languages. In a sequence of recent papers, we have shown that an effective means to reason with such specifications is to decompose them into primitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-04 Claude-Guy Quimper , Toby Walsh

The state complexity of a Deterministic Finite-state automaton (DFA) is the number of states in its minimal equivalent DFA. We study the state complexity of random $n$-state DFAs over a $k$-symbol alphabet, drawn uniformly from the set…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Daniel Berend , Aryeh Kontorovich

A classical problem in grammatical inference is to identify a language from a set of examples. In this paper, we address the problem of identifying a union of languages from examples that belong to several different unknown languages.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Alexis Linard , Colin de la Higuera , Frits Vaandrager

We introduce deterministic suffix-reading automata (DSA), a new automaton model over finite words. Transitions in a DSA are labeled with words. From a state, a DSA triggers an outgoing transition on seeing a word ending with the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 R Keerthan , B Srivathsan , R Venkatesh , Sagar Verma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on formal language tasks, yet whether this reflects genuine symbolic reasoning or pattern matching on familiar constructions remains unclear. We introduce a benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shlok Shelat , Jay Raval , Souvik Roy , Manas Gaur

Probabilistic deterministic finite automata (PDFA) are discrete event systems modeling conditional probabilities over languages: Given an already seen sequence of tokens they return the probability of tokens of interest to appear next.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Robert Baumgartner , Sicco Verwer

The work presents some new algorithms realized recently in the package TESTAS. They decide whether or not deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is synchronizing, several procedures find relatively short synchronizing words and a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Avraham N. Trahtman

Two languages are "finitely different" if their symmetric difference is finite. We consider the DFAs of finitely different regular languages and find major structural similarities. We proceed to consider the smallest DFAs that recognize a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Andrew Badr , Ian Shipman

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) have recently been introduced as a new representation of $\omega$-regular languages. They target ultimately periodic words, with acceptors revolving around accepting some representation $u\cdot v^\omega$. Three…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang

We consider grammar-restricted exact learning of formulas and terms in finite variable logics. We propose a novel and versatile automata-theoretic technique for solving such problems. We first show results for learning formulas that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Paul Krogmeier , P. Madhusudan

Minimal forbidden factors are a useful tool for investigating properties of words and languages. Two factorial languages are distinct if and only if they have different (antifactorial) sets of minimal forbidden factors. There exist…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Gabriele Fici , Antonio Restivo , Laura Rizzo

In this note we study automata recognizing birecurrent sets. A set of words is birecurrent if the minimal partial DFA recognizing this set and the minimal partial DFA recognizing the reversal of this set are both strongly connected. This…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Andrew Ryzhikov

We use the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and the Grassberger-Proccacia analysis (GP) methods in order to study language characteristics. Despite that we construct our signals using only word lengths or word frequencies, excluding in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Kosmas Kosmidis , Alkiviadis Kalampokis , Panos Argyrakis

The class of local languages is a well-known subclass of the regular languages that admits many equivalent characterizations. In this short note we establish the PSPACE-completeness of the problem of determining, given as input a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Antoine Amarilli , Mikaël Monet , Rémi De Pretto

Given an order of the underlying alphabet we can lift it to the states of a finite deterministic automaton: to compare states we use the order of the strings reaching them. When the order on strings is the co-lexicographic one \emph{and}…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Giovanna D'Agostino , Davide Martincigh , Alberto Policriti