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Today, intelligent systems that offer artificial intelligence capabilities often rely on machine learning. Machine learning describes the capacity of systems to learn from problem-specific training data to automate the process of analytical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Christian Janiesch , Patrick Zschech , Kai Heinrich

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved exceptional performance across diverse tasks, continually surpassing previous expectations regarding their capabilities. Nevertheless, their proficiency in perceiving emotions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daiqing Wu , Dongbao Yang , Sicheng Zhao , Can Ma , Yu Zhou

We present a method for visualising the response of a deep neural network to a specific input. For image data for instance our method will highlight areas that provide evidence in favor of, and against choosing a certain class. The method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Luisa M. Zintgraf , Taco S. Cohen , Max Welling

Visual question answering requires a system to provide an accurate natural language answer given an image and a natural language question. However, it is widely recognized that previous generic VQA methods often exhibit a tendency to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jie Ma , Pinghui Wang , Dechen Kong , Zewei Wang , Jun Liu , Hongbin Pei , Junzhou Zhao

Distributed linguistic representations are powerful tools for modelling the uncertainty and complexity of preference information in linguistic decision making. To provide a comprehensive perspective on the development of distributed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Yuzhu Wu , Zhen Zhang , Gang Kou , Hengjie Zhang , Xiangrui Chao , Cong-Cong Li , Yucheng Dong , Francisco Herrera

With the rapid development of deep learning technologies, the field of machine translation has witnessed significant progress, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) that have greatly propelled the advancement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiaxin GUO , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhiqiang Rao , Jinlong Yang , Zongyao Li , Hengchao Shang , Daimeng Wei , Hao Yang

Discrete and continuous representations of content (e.g., of language or images) have interesting properties to be explored for the understanding of or reasoning with this content by machines. This position paper puts forward our opinion on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Ruben Cartuyvels , Graham Spinks , Marie-Francine Moens

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced VQA and now support Vision-DeepResearch systems that use search engines for complex visual-textual fact-finding. However, evaluating these visual and textual search abilities is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yu Zeng , Wenxuan Huang , Zhen Fang , Shuang Chen , Yufan Shen , Yishuo Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Shiting Huang , Yiming Zhao , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Shaosheng Cao

Automated emotion recognition in speech is a long-standing problem. While early work on emotion recognition relied on hand-crafted features and simple classifiers, the field has now embraced end-to-end feature learning and classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-10 Ravi Shankar , Abdouh Harouna Kenfack , Arjun Somayazulu , Archana Venkataraman

With the development of deep learning and artificial intelligence, audio synthesis has a pivotal role in the area of machine learning and shows strong applicability in the industry. Meanwhile, significant efforts have been dedicated by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-03 Zhaofeng Shi

A comprehensive artificial intelligence system needs to not only perceive the environment with different `senses' (e.g., seeing and hearing) but also infer the world's conditional (or even causal) relations and corresponding uncertainty.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-07 Hao Wang , Dit-Yan Yeung

Deep learning models have been efficient lately on image parsing tasks. However, deep learning models are not fully capable of exploiting visual and contextual information simultaneously. The proposed three-layer context-based deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Ranju Mandal , Basim Azam , Brijesh Verma

In recent years, a substantial body of work in visually grounded natural language processing has focused on real-life multimodal scenarios such as describing content depicted in images or videos. However, comparatively less attention has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Aditya K Surikuchi , Raquel Fernández , Sandro Pezzelle

Natural language provides a widely accessible and expressive interface for robotic agents. To understand language in complex environments, agents must reason about the full range of language inputs and their correspondence to the world.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Stephanie Zhou , Alane Suhr , Yoav Artzi

This work presents a framework to classify and evaluate distinct research abstract texts which are focused on the description of processes and their applications. In this context, this paper proposes natural language processing algorithms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Lucas G. O. Lopes , Thales M. A. Vieira , William W. M. Lira

While machine learning approaches to visual emotion recognition offer great promise, current methods consider training and testing models on small scale datasets covering limited visual emotion concepts. Our analysis identifies an important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Rameswar Panda , Jianming Zhang , Haoxiang Li , Joon-Young Lee , Xin Lu , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Modern approach to artificial intelligence (AI) aims to design algorithms that learn directly from data. This approach has achieved impressive results and has contributed significantly to the progress of AI, particularly in the sphere of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Alhassan Mumuni , Fuseini Mumuni

Text-based open-ended questions in academic formative and summative assessments help students become deep learners and prepare them to understand concepts for a subsequent conceptual assessment. However, grading text-based questions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Rujun Gao , Hillary E. Merzdorf , Saira Anwar , M. Cynthia Hipwell , Arun Srinivasa

In the past five years, research has shifted from traditional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches to leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) , including multimodality, for data augmentation to enhance generalization, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ranjan Sapkota , Shaina Raza , Maged Shoman , Achyut Paudel , Manoj Karkee

Large language models (LLM) have revolutionized the processing of natural language. Although first benchmarks of the process modeling abilities of LLM are promising, it is currently under debate to what extent an LLM can generate good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Peter Fettke , Constantin Houy