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We prove the Jarzynski relation for general stochastic processes including non-Markovian systems with memory. The only requirement for our proof is the existence of a stationary state, therefore excluding non-ergodic systems. We then show…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-27 Thomas Speck , Udo Seifert

We use the quantum Brownian model to derive the uncertainty relation for a quantum open system. We examine how the fluctuations of a quantum system evolve after it is brought in contact with a heat bath at finite temperature. We study the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 B. L. Hu , Yuhong Zhang

In recent letter [Phys.~Rev.~Lett {\bf 123}, 110602 (2019)], Y.~Hasegawa and T.~V.~Vu derived a thermodynamic uncertainty relation. But the bound of their relation is loose. In this comment, through minor changes, an improved bound is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-30 Yunxin Zhang

The a priori time in conventional quantum mechanics is shown to contradict the uncertainty principle. A possible solution is given.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hitoshi Kitada

In this paper I discuss the concept of time in physics. I consider the thermal time hypothesis and I claim that thermal clocks and atomic clocks measure different physical times, whereby thermal time and relativistic time are not compatible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-24 Claudio Borghi

A case for the teaching of classical thermodynamics with an explicit time variable, with phenomena involving changes in time, is made by presenting and solving a exercise in textbook style, and pointing out that a solution accords with…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 PierGianLuca Porta Mana

Mermin states in a recent paper that his nontechnical version of Bell's theorem stands and is not invalidated by time and setting dependent instrument parameters as claimed in one of our previous papers. We identify a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Karl Hess , Walter Philipp

Fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities become non-negligible and play an important role when the system size is small. We develop finite-time thermodynamics of fluctuations in microscopic heat engines whose environmental temperature and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-16 Gentaro Watanabe , Yuki Minami

A covariant way to define the relativistic entropy of a finite object has been proposed. The energy-momentum of an object with finite volume is not a covariant physical entity because of the relativity of simultaneity. A way to correctly…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Tadas K. Nakamura

The thermodynamic formalism, which was first developed for dynamical systems and then applied to discrete Markov processes, turns out to be well suited for continuous time Markov processes as well, provided the definitions are interpreted…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Vivien Lecomte , Cecile Appert-Rolland , Frederic Van-Wijland

The time energy uncertainty relation has been a controversial issue since the advent of quantum theory, with respect to appropriate formalisation, validity and possible meanings. A comprehensive account of the development of this subject up…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 P. Busch

The exploration of far-from-equilibrium systems has been at the forefront of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, with a particular focus on understanding the fluctuations and response of thermodynamic systems to external perturbations. In this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-13 Kangqiao Liu , Jie Gu

Energy-time uncertainty plays an important role in quantum foundations and technologies, and it was even discussed by the founders of quantum mechanics. However, standard approaches (e.g., Robertson's uncertainty relation) do not apply to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-19 Patrick J. Coles , Vishal Katariya , Seth Lloyd , Iman Marvian , Mark M. Wilde

A model in which two weakly coupled systems maintain opposite running thermodynamic arrows of time is exhibited. Each experiences its own retarded electromagnetic interaction and can be seen by the other. The possibility of opposite-arrow…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 L. S. Schulman

The thermodynamic uncertainty relations provide a universal trade-offs between entropy dissipation rate and fluctuations in transport current. This relation has been mostly used to estimate a minimum entropy dissipation rate by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-11-25 Jiawei Yan

We consider a thermodynamic framework to quantify instrument incompatibility via a resource theory subject to thermodynamic constraints. We use the minimal thermalisation time needed to erase incompatibility's signature to measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Chung-Yun Hsieh , Shin-Liang Chen

Continuum mechanics with dislocations, with the Cattaneo type heat conduction, with mass transfer, and with electromagnetic fields is put into the Hamiltonian form and into the form of the Godunov type system of the first order, symmetric…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 Ilya Peshkov , Michal Pavelka , Evgeniy Romenski , Miroslav Grmela

Jarzynski's equality sets a strong bound on the probability of violating the second law of thermodynamics by extracting work beyond the free energy difference. We derive finite-time refinements to this bound for driven systems in contact…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-19 Harry J. D. Miller , Martí Perarnau-Llobet

The thermodynamic formalism allows one to access the chaotic properties of equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium systems, by deriving those from a dynamical partition function. The definition that has been given for this partition function…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-11-29 Vivien Lecomte , Cécile Appert-Rolland , Frédéric van Wijland

Fluctuation theorems establish that thermodynamic processes at the microscale can occasionally result in negative entropy production. At the microscale, another distinct possibility becomes more likely: processes in which no entropy is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-11 Abhaya S. Hegde , André M. Timpanaro , Gabriel T. Landi
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