Related papers: Photon mass via current confinement
The theory of radiation of photons from Dirac particles caused by a projective measurement is developed. The explicit expressions for the inclusive probability to record a chain of events that the Dirac fermion had been measured in a…
Quantum theory of photons based on the first quantization technique, similar to that used by Schroedinger in the formulation of quantum mechanics, is considered. First, scalar quantum mechanics of photons operating with the photon wave…
The large-scale magnetic fields we observe today in galaxies and galaxy clusters could be the result of a pure quantum effect taking place during inflation, to wit, the creation of particles (photons) out from the vacuum in a curved…
We investigate cosmology of massive electrodynamics and explore the possibility whether massive photon could provide an explanation of the dark energy. The action is given by the scalar-vector-tensor theory of gravity which is obtained by…
In Abelian theories of monopoles the magnetic charge is required to be enormous. Using the electric-magnetic duality of electromagnetism it is argued that the existence of such a large, non-perturbative magnetic coupling should lead to a…
We study the interaction of electrons in graphene with the quantized electromagnetic field in the presence of an applied uniform electric field using the Dirac model of graphene. Electronic states are represented by exact solutions of the…
Understanding strongly correlated quantum systems is a central problem in many areas of physics. The collective behavior of interacting particles gives rise to diverse fundamental phenomena such as confinement in quantum chromodynamics,…
The quantum field theory of gravitation is constructed in terms of Lagrangian density of Dirac fields which couple to the electromagnetic field $A_\mu$ as well as the gravitational field $\cal G$. The gravity appears in the mass term as $…
The connection between the Dirac field as the field of matter and the spacetime metric is discussed within the framework of classical field theory. Polarization structure of the Dirac field is shown to be rich enough to determine the…
Electromagnetism is at the heart of the Standard Model, but despite all the successes of modern theory, our basic description of light traveling in free space remains unsatisfactory. The four bosons that compose light are introduced in a…
The thermodynamical properties of the photon-plasma system had been studied using statistical physics approach. Photons develop an effective mass in the medium thus -- as a result of the finite chemical potential -- a photon Bose-Einstein…
It is well known that a theory of the (i) Lorentz invariant and (ii) locally interacting (iii) two degrees of freedom of a massless spin 1 particle, the photon, leads uniquely to electromagnetism at large distances. In this work, we remove…
Radiatively decaying dark matter may be searched through investigating the photon spectrum of galaxies and galaxy clusters. We explore whether the properties of dark matter can be constrained through the study of a polarization state of…
A Lorenz-covariant system of wave equations is formulated for a quantum-mechanical two-body system in one space dimension, comprised of one electron and one photon. Manifest Lorentz covariance is achieved using Dirac's formalism of…
Many phenomena and fundamental predictions, ranging from Hawking radiation to the early evolution of the Universe rely on the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity or more generally, quantum mechanics in curved spacetimes.…
From the 16-component Dirac-K\"{a}hler field theory, spinor equations for two types of massless vector photon fields with different parities have been derived. Their equivalent tensor equations in terms of the strength tensor $F_{ab}$ and…
Gravitating bodies in motion, regardless of their constitution, always produce electromagnetic radiation in the form of photon pairs. This phenomenon is an analog of the radiation caused by the motion of dielectric (or magnetic) bodies. It…
The particle creation by the so-called peak electric field is considered. The latter field is a combination of two exponential parts, one exponentially increasing and another exponentially decreasing. We find exact solutions of the Dirac…
We show that the inter-band absorption of radiation in a 2D Dirac material leads to a direct electric current flowing at sample edges. The photocurrent originates from the momentum alignment of electrons and holes and is controlled by the…
The electromagnetic field inside a spherical cavity of large radius R is considered in the presence of stationary charge and current densities. R provides infra-red regularization while maintaining gauge invariance. The quantum ground state…