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Fast approximate nearest neighbor (NN) search in large databases is becoming popular. Several powerful learning-based formulations have been proposed recently. However, not much attention has been paid to a more fundamental question: how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Junfeng He , Sanjiv Kumar , Shih-Fu Chang

Retrieving the most similar objects in a large-scale database for a given query is a fundamental building block in many application domains, ranging from web searches, visual, cross media, and document retrievals. State-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-15 Muge Li , Liangyue Li , Feiping Nie

Vector search, the task of finding the k-nearest neighbors of a query vector against a database of high-dimensional vectors, underpins many machine learning applications, including retrieval-augmented generation, recommendation systems, and…

Range-filtered approximate nearest neighbor (RFANN) search is a fundamental operation in modern data systems. Given a set of objects, each with a vector and a numerical attribute, an RFANN query retrieves the nearest neighbors to a query…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhiqiu Zou , Ziqi Yin , Rong-Hua Li , Hongchao Qin , Qiangqiang Dai , Guoren Wang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a cornerstone algorithm for information retrieval, recommendation systems, and machine learning applications. While x86-based architectures have historically dominated this domain, the…

For approximate nearest neighbor search, graph-based algorithms have shown to offer the best trade-off between accuracy and search time. We propose the Dynamic Exploration Graph (DEG) which significantly outperforms existing algorithms in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Nico Hezel , Kai Uwe Barthel , Konstantin Schall , Klaus Jung

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) plays an indispensable role in a wide variety of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and semantic search. Among the cutting-edge ANNS algorithms, graph-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Weihong Xu , Junwei Chen , Po-Kai Hsu , Jaeyoung Kang , Minxuan Zhou , Sumukh Pinge , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in vector databases and AI infrastructures. Recent graph-based ANNS algorithms have achieved high search accuracy with practical efficiency. Despite the advancements, these…

This paper presents a novel nearest neighbor search algorithm achieving TPU (Google Tensor Processing Unit) peak performance, outperforming state-of-the-art GPU algorithms with similar level of recall. The design of the proposed algorithm…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Felix Chern , Blake Hechtman , Andy Davis , Ruiqi Guo , David Majnemer , Sanjiv Kumar

In the $k$-nearest neighborhood model ($k$-NN), we are given a set of points $P$, and we shall answer queries $q$ by returning the $k$ nearest neighbors of $q$ in $P$ according to some metric. This concept is crucial in many areas of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Hendrik Fichtenberger , Dennis Rohde

Nearest neighbor (NN) search is inherently computationally expensive in high-dimensional spaces due to the curse of dimensionality. As a well-known solution, locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) is able to answer c-approximate NN (c-ANN)…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Bolong Zheng , Xi Zhao , Lianggui Weng , Nguyen Quoc Viet Hung , Hang Liu , Christian S. Jensen

Template matching is a fundamental problem in computer vision with applications in fields including object detection, image registration, and object tracking. Current methods rely on nearest-neighbour (NN) matching, where the query feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ankit Gupta , Ida-Maria Sintorn

The approximate nearest neighbor problem ($\epsilon$-ANN) in high dimensional Euclidean space has been mainly addressed by Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), which has polynomial dependence in the dimension, sublinear query time, but…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Evangelos Anagnostopoulos , Ioannis Z. Emiris , Ioannis Psarros

This manuscript introduces an autotuned algorithm for searching nearest neighbors based on neighbor graphs and optimization metaheuristics to produce Pareto-optimal searches for quality and search speed automatically; the same strategy is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Eric S. Tellez , Guillermo Ruiz

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Approximate k-Nearest Neighbour (ANN) methods are often used for mining information and aiding machine learning on large scale high-dimensional datasets. ANN methods typically differ in the index structure used for accelerating searches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ben Harwood , Amir Dezfouli , Iadine Chades , Conrad Sanderson

Customizable contraction hierarchies are one of the most popular route planning frameworks in practice, due to their simplicity and versatility. In this work, we present a novel algorithm for finding k-nearest neighbors in customizable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Valentin Buchhold , Dorothea Wagner

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) has become a fundamental component in many real-world applications. Among various ANNS algorithms, graph-based methods are state-of-the-art. However, ANNS often suffers from a significant drop in…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhiyuan Hua , Qiji Mo , Zebin Yao , Lixiao Cui , Xiaoguang Liu , Gang Wang , Zijing Wei , Xinyu Liu , Tianxiao Tang , Shaozhi Liu , Lin Qu

In this paper we revisit the kernel density estimation problem: given a kernel $K(x, y)$ and a dataset of $n$ points in high dimensional Euclidean space, prepare a data structure that can quickly output, given a query $q$, a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Moses Charikar , Michael Kapralov , Navid Nouri , Paris Siminelakis

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is fundamental to modern AI applications. Most existing solutions optimize query efficiency but fail to align with the practical requirements of modern workloads. In this paper, we outline six…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kejing Lu , Zhenpeng Pan , Jianbin Qin , Yoshiharu Ishikawa , Chuan Xiao
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