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Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is the task of finding the database vector that is closest to a given query vector. Graph-based ANNS is the family of methods with the best balance of accuracy and speed for million-scale datasets.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Naoki Ono , Yusuke Matsui

Nearest neighbor search is a fundamental data structure problem with many applications in machine learning, computer vision, recommendation systems and other fields. Although the main objective of the data structure is to quickly report…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Piyush Anand , Piotr Indyk , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Sepideh Mahabadi , Vikas C. Raykar , Kirankumar Shiragur , Haike Xu

Many distributed learning techniques have been motivated by the increasing size of datasets and their inability to fit into main memory on a single machine. We propose an algorithm that finds the nearest neighbor in a graph locally without…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Abhinav Mishra

Approximate Nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is fundamental and essential operation in applications from many domains, such as databases, machine learning, multimedia, and computer vision. Although many algorithms have been continuously…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Wen Li , Ying Zhang , Yifang Sun , Wei Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in many areas of data mining, machine learning and computer vision. The performance of traditional hierarchical structure (tree) based methods decreases as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Cong Fu , Deng Cai

Space partitions of $\mathbb{R}^d$ underlie a vast and important class of fast nearest neighbor search (NNS) algorithms. Inspired by recent theoretical work on NNS for general metric spaces [Andoni, Naor, Nikolov, Razenshteyn, Waingarten…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Yihe Dong , Piotr Indyk , Ilya Razenshteyn , Tal Wagner

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

We present a new algorithm for the approximate near neighbor problem that combines classical ideas from group testing with locality-sensitive hashing (LSH). We reduce the near neighbor search problem to a group testing problem by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Joshua Engels , Benjamin Coleman , Anshumali Shrivastava

Fast k-Nearest Neighbor search over real-valued vector spaces (KNN) is an important algorithmic task for information retrieval and recommendation systems. We present a method for using reduced precision to represent vectors through…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Anthony Ko , Iman Keivanloo , Vihan Lakshman , Eric Schkufza

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in computer science for which in-memory graph-based methods, such as Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW), perform exceptionally well. To scale beyond billions of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Manuel Widmoser , Daniel Kocher , Nikolaus Augsten

Approximate nearest-neighbor search is a fundamental algorithmic problem that continues to inspire study due its essential role in numerous contexts. In contrast to most prior work, which has focused on point sets, we consider…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Ahmed Abdelkader , David M. Mount

We consider the fundamental problem of decomposing a large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) problem into smaller sub-problems. The goal is to partition the input points into neighborhood-preserving shards, so that the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Lars Gottesbüren , Laxman Dhulipala , Rajesh Jayaram , Jakub Lacki

For a given dataset $\mathcal{D}$ and structured label $f$, the goal of Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (FANNS) algorithms is to find top-$k$ points closest to a query that satisfy label constraints, while ensuring both recall…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Jiayang Shi , Yuzheng Cai , Weiguo Zheng

KNN has the reputation to be the word simplest but efficient supervised learning algorithm used for either classification or regression. KNN prediction efficiency highly depends on the size of its training data but when this training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Jude Tchaye-Kondi , Yanlong Zhai , Liehuang Zhu

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou

Sparse embeddings of data form an attractive class due to their inherent interpretability: Every dimension is tied to a term in some vocabulary, making it easy to visually decipher the latent space. Sparsity, however, poses unique…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sebastian Bruch , Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini

The indexing algorithms for the high-dimensional nearest neighbor search (NNS) with the best worst-case guarantees are based on the randomized Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), and its derivatives. In practice, many heuristic approaches…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Alexandr Andoni , Daniel Beaglehole

Nearest neighbor search on high-dimensional vectors is fundamental in modern AI and database systems. In many real-world applications, queries involve constraints on multiple numeric attributes, giving rise to range-filtering approximate…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Yuanhang Yu , Dawei Cheng , Ying Zhang , Lu Qin , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Similarity search is a fundamental algorithmic primitive, widely used in many computer science disciplines. There are several variants of the similarity search problem, and one of the most relevant is the $r$-near neighbor ($r$-NN) problem:…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Martin Aumüller , Rasmus Pagh , Francesco Silvestri