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Two-dimensional graphene plasmon-based technologies will enable the development of fast, compact and inexpensive active photonic elements because, unlike plasmons in other materials, graphene plasmons can be tuned via the doping level. Such…
The ability to manipulate optical fields and the energy flow of light is central to modern information and communication technologies, as well as quantum information processing schemes. However, as photons do not possess charge, controlling…
Graphene plasmonics has become a highlighted research area due to the outstanding properties of deep-subwavelength plasmon excitation, long relaxation time, and electro-optical tunability. Although the giant conductivity of a graphene layer…
Plasmonic metasurfaces represent a promising platform for enhancing light-matter interaction. Active control of the optical response of metasurfaces is desirable for applications such as beam-steering, modulators and switches, biochemical…
Surface plasmon polaritons enable light concentration within subwavelength regions, opening thereby new avenues for miniaturizing the device and strengthening light-matter interactions. Here we realize effective electro-optic modulation in…
We investigate a plasmonic electro-optic modulator with an extinction ratio exceeding 1 dB/um by engineering the optical mode to be in-plane with the graphene layer, and show how lowering the operating temperature enables steeper switching.…
The observation and electrical manipulation of infrared surface plasmons in graphene have triggered a search for similar photonic capabilities in other atomically thin materials that enable electrical modulation of light at visible and…
Plasmonic metasurfaces are able to modify the wavefront by altering the light intensity, phase and polarization state. Active plasmonic metasurfaces would allow dynamic modulation of the wavefront which give rise to interesting application…
Graphene plasmons are rapidly emerging as a viable tool for fast electrical manipulation of light. The prospects for applications to electro-optical modulation, optical sensing, quantum plasmonics, light harvesting, spectral photometry, and…
Surface plasmon, with its unique capability to concentrate light into sub-wavelength volume, has enabled great advances in photon science, ranging from nano-antenna and single-molecule Raman scattering to plasmonic waveguide and…
Metamaterials and plasmonics are powerful tools for unconventional manipulation and harnessing of light. Metamaterials can be engineered to possess intriguing properties lacking in natural materials, such as negative refractive index.…
Graphene offers a possibility for actively controlling plasmon confinement and propagation by tailoring its spatial conductivity pattern. However, implementation of this concept has been hampered because uncontrollable plasmon reflection is…
Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons in metals or semiconductors enabling confinement and control of electromagnetic energy at subwavelength scales. Rapid progress in plasmonics has largely relied on advances in device…
The unique optical and electronic properties of graphene allow one to realize active optical devices. While several types of graphene-based photonic modulators have already been demonstrated, the potential of combining the versatility of…
The physics of electrons, photons, and their plasmonic interactions changes greatly when one or more dimensions are reduced down to the nanometer scale. For example, graphene shows unique electrical, optical, and plasmonic properties, which…
The ability to modulate light at high speeds is of paramount importance for telecommunications, information processing, and medical imaging technologies. This has stimulated intense efforts to master optoelectronic switching at visible and…
Plasmonics takes advantage of the collective response of electrons to electromagnetic waves, enabling dramatic scaling of optical devices beyond the diffraction limit. Here, we demonstrate the mid-infrared (4 to 15 microns) plasmons in…
Among their amazing properties, graphene and related low-dimensional materials show quantized charge-density fluctuations--known as plasmons--when exposed to photons or electrons of suitable energies. Graphene nanoribbons offer an enhanced…
Electro-optic modulation is a technology-relevant function for signal keying, beam steering, or neuromorphic computing through providing the nonlinear activation function of a perceptron. With silicon-based modulators being bulky and…
Active metasurfaces have recently emerged as compact, lightweight, and efficient platforms for dynamic control of electromagnetic fields and optical responses. However, the complexities associated with their post-fabrication tunability…