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Training of deep neural networks heavily depends on the data distribution. In particular, the networks easily suffer from class imbalance. The trained networks would recognize the frequent classes better than the infrequent classes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Byungju Kim , Junmo Kim

The key factor in implementing machine learning algorithms in decision-making situations is not only the accuracy of the model but also its confidence level. The confidence level of a model in a classification problem is often given by the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-02 Masanari Kimura , Hiroki Naganuma

The softmax function is widely used in artificial neural networks for the multiclass classification problems, where the softmax transformation enforces the output to be positive and sum to one, and the corresponding loss function allows to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Shaoshi Sun , Zhenyuan Zhang , BoCheng Huang , Pengbin Lei , Jianlin Su , Shengfeng Pan , Jiarun Cao

Deep Learning has become interestingly popular in computer vision, mostly attaining near or above human-level performance in various vision tasks. But recent work has also demonstrated that these deep neural networks are very vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Shashi Kant Gupta

Large Convolutional Network models have recently demonstrated impressive classification performance on the ImageNet benchmark. However there is no clear understanding of why they perform so well, or how they might be improved. In this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-02 Matthew D Zeiler , Rob Fergus

Learning image representations on decentralized data can bring many benefits in cases where data cannot be aggregated across data silos. Softmax cross entropy loss is highly effective and commonly used for learning image representations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Sagar M. Waghmare , Hang Qi , Huizhong Chen , Mikhail Sirotenko , Tomer Meron

We propose a novel regularization method, called \textit{volumization}, for neural networks. Inspired by physics, we define a physical volume for the weight parameters in neural networks, and we show that this method is an effective way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Liu Ziyin , Zihao Wang , Makoto Yamada , Masahito Ueda

This paper extends our previous work on regularization of neural networks using Eigenvalue Decay by employing a soft approximation of the dominant eigenvalue in order to enable the calculation of its derivatives in relation to the synaptic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Oswaldo Ludwig

Real-world data is often unbalanced and long-tailed, but deep models struggle to recognize rare classes in the presence of frequent classes. To address unbalanced data, most studies try balancing the data, the loss, or the classifier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Dvir Samuel , Gal Chechik

Training deep neural networks for classification often includes minimizing the training loss beyond the zero training error point. In this phase of training, a "neural collapse" behavior has been observed: the variability of features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tom Tirer , Haoxiang Huang , Jonathan Niles-Weed

One of the biggest challenges for deep learning algorithms in medical image analysis is the indiscriminate mixing of image properties, e.g. artifacts and anatomy. These entangled image properties lead to a semantically redundant feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Qingjie Meng , Nick Pawlowski , Daniel Rueckert , Bernhard Kainz

The Softmax loss is one of the most widely employed surrogate objectives for classification and ranking tasks. To elucidate its theoretical properties, the Fenchel-Young framework situates it as a canonical instance within a broad family of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yuanhao Pu , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Face recognition (FR) methods report significant performance by adopting the convolutional neural network (CNN) based learning methods. Although CNNs are mostly trained by optimizing the softmax loss, the recent trend shows an improvement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Abul Hasnat , Julien Bohné , Jonathan Milgram , Stéphane Gentric , Liming Chen

The cross-entropy softmax loss is the primary loss function used to train deep neural networks. On the other hand, the focal loss function has been demonstrated to provide improved performance when there is an imbalance in the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Leslie N. Smith

Deep neural networks are learning models with a very high capacity and therefore prone to over-fitting. Many regularization techniques such as Dropout, DropConnect, and weight decay all attempt to solve the problem of over-fitting by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Armen Aghajanyan

Class imbalance is a common problem in the case of real-world object detection and classification tasks. Data of some classes is abundant making them an over-represented majority, and data of other classes is scarce, making them an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Mohammed Bennamoun , Ferdous Sohel , Roberto Togneri

Deep neural networks can be effective means to automatically classify aerial images but is easy to overfit to the training data. It is critical for trained neural networks to be robust to variations that exist between training and test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Jiayun Wang , Patrick Virtue , Stella X. Yu

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) and their variants have been widely used in large scale face recognition(FR) recently. Existing methods have achieved good performance on many FR benchmarks. However, most of them suffer from two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Jing Xu , Tszhang Guo , Yong Xu , Zenglin Xu , Kun Bai

Image classification has significantly improved using deep learning. This is mainly due to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that are capable of learning rich feature extractors from large datasets. However, most deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Xiaoyu Lin , Deblina Bhattacharjee , Majed El Helou , Sabine Süsstrunk

Feature learning is a widely used method employed for large-scale face recognition. Recently, large-margin softmax loss methods have demonstrated significant enhancements on deep face recognition. These methods propose fixed positive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Chingis Oinar , Binh M. Le , Simon S. Woo