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We explore the different meanings of "quantum uncertainty" contained in Heisenberg's seminal paper from 1927, and also some of the precise definitions that were explored later. We recount the controversy about "Anschaulichkeit",…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Reinhard F. Werner , Terry Farrelly

Quantum theory demands that, in contrast to classical physics, not all properties can be simultaneously well defined. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is a manifestation of this fact. Another important corollary arises that there can be…

Thermodynamic uncertainty principles make up one of the few rare anchors in the largely uncharted waters of nonequilibrium systems, the fluctuation theorems being the more familiar. In this work we aim to trace the uncertainties of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-02 Hang Dong , Daniel Reiche , Jen-Tsung Hsiang , Bei-Lok Hu

Heisenberg introduced his famous uncertainty relations in a seminal 1927 paper entitled "The Physical Content of Quantum Kinematics and Mechanics". He motivated his arguments with a gedanken experiment, a gamma ray microscope to measure the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-25 Stephen Boughn , Marcel Reginatto

We derive new Heisenberg-type uncertainty relations for both joint measurability and the error-disturbance tradeoff for arbitrary observables of finite-dimensional systems. The relations are formulated in terms of a directly operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-28 Joseph M. Renes , Volkher B. Scholz

A concise review of various mathematical formulations of the uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics discovered since 1927 is given. Besides the traditional Heisenberg inequality, the modifications made by Schr\"odinger and Robertson, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 V. V. Dodonov

We prove a new sum uncertainty relation in quantum theory which states that the uncertainty in the sum of two or more observables is always less than or equal to the sum of the uncertainties in corresponding observables. This shows that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. K. Pati , P. K. Sahu

The uncertainty relation, as one of the fundamental principles of quantum physics, captures the incompatibility of noncommuting observables in the preparation of quantum states. In this work, we derive two strong and universal uncertainty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-10 Zhi-Xin Chen , Hui Wang , Jun-Li Li , Qiu-Cheng Song , Cong-Feng Qiao

The fundamental principles of complementarity and uncertainty are shown to be related to the possibility of joint unsharp measurements of pairs of noncommuting quantum observables. A new joint measurement scheme for complementary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Busch , C. R. Shilladay

The Heisenberg uncertainty relation, which links the uncertainties of the position and momentum of a particle, has an important footprint on the quantum behavior of a physical system. Analogous to this principle, we propose that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Pratik Sathe , Luis Pedro García-Pintos , Francesco Caravelli

In recent years, novel quantifications of measurement error in quantum mechanics have for the first time enabled precise formulations of Heisenberg's famous but often challenged measurement uncertainty relation. These relations take the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-28 Paul Busch , David B Pearson

The uncertainty principle is one of the characteristic properties of quantum theory based on incompatibility. Apart from the incompatible relation of quantum states, mutually exclusiveness is another remarkable phenomenon in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-09 Yunlong Xiao , Naihuan Jing

In this Letter, we show that the fulfillment of uncertainty relations is a sufficient criterion for a quantum-mechanically permissible state. We specifically construct two pseudo-spin observables for an arbitrary non-positive Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hyunchul Nha , M. Suhail Zubairy

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was originally posed for the limit of the accuracy of simultaneous measurement of non-commuting observables as stating that canonically conjugate observables can be measured simultaneously only with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-12 Masanao Ozawa

We study a possible improvement of uncertainty relations. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation employs commutator of a pair of conjugate observables to set the limit of quantum measurement of the observables. The Schroedinger uncertainty…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yong Moon Park

The uncertainty relation, which displays an elementary property of quantum theory, was originally described by Heisenberg as the relation between error and disturbance. Ozawa presented a more rigorous expression of the uncertainty relation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Riuji Mochizuki

In this note, we consider the implications of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) when computing uncertainties that affect the main dynamical quantities, from the perspective of special relativity. Using the well-known formula for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-19 Luca Nanni

Uncertainty relations play a significant role in drawing a line between classical physics and quantum physics. Since the introduction by Heisenberg, these relations have been considerably explored. However, the effect of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-09 Shrobona Bagchi , Chandan Datta , Pankaj Agrawal

Conventional quantum uncertainty relations (URs) contain dispersions of two observables. Generalized URs are known which contain three or more dispersions. They are derived here starting with suitable generalized Cauchy inequalities. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. I. Shirokov

Being one of the centroidal concepts in quantum theory, the fundamental constraint imposed by Heisenberg uncertainty relations has always been a subject of immense attention and challenging in the context of joint measurements of general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-23 K. Rehan , T. P. Xiong , L. -L. Yan , F. Zhou , J. W. Zhang , J. C. Li , L. Chen , W. L. Yang , M. Feng
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