Related papers: Fast Causal Inference with Non-Random Missingness …

Image classification benchmark datasets such as CIFAR, MNIST, and ImageNet serve as critical tools for model evaluation. However, despite the cleaning efforts, these datasets still suffer from pervasive noisy labels and often contain…

The standard approach to assess reliability of automatic speech transcriptions is through the use of confidence scores. If accurate, these scores provide a flexible mechanism to flag transcription errors for upstream and downstream…

Causal discovery from observational data holds great promise, but existing methods rely on strong assumptions about the underlying causal structure, often requiring full observability of all relevant variables. We tackle these challenges by…

Noise-contrastive estimation (NCE) is a popular method for estimating unnormalised probabilistic models, such as energy-based models, which are effective for modelling complex data distributions. Unlike classical maximum likelihood (ML)…

By using the underlying theory of proper scoring rules, we design a family of noise-contrastive estimation (NCE) methods that are tractable for latent variable models. Both terms in the underlying NCE loss, the one using data samples and…

Predictive values are measures of the clinical accuracy of a binary diagnostic test, and depend on the sensitivity and the specificity of the test and on the disease prevalence among the population being studied. This article studies…

Given data sampled from a number of variables, one is often interested in the underlying causal relationships in the form of a directed acyclic graph. In the general case, without interventions on some of the variables it is only possible…

When fitting a generalized linear model -- such as a linear regression, a logistic regression, or a hierarchical linear model -- analysts often wonder how to handle missing values of the dependent variable Y. If missing values have been…

Many computer vision and medical imaging problems are faced with learning from large-scale datasets, with millions of observations and features. In this paper we propose a novel efficient learning scheme that tightens a sparsity constraint…

Causal discovery is central to inferring causal relationships from observational data. In the presence of latent confounding, algorithms such as Fast Causal Inference (FCI) learn a Partial Ancestral Graph (PAG) representing the true model's…

Deep learning has outperformed other machine learning algorithms in a variety of tasks, and as a result, it is widely used. However, like other machine learning algorithms, deep learning, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in…

Missing Not at Random (MNAR) and nonnormal data are challenging to handle. Traditional missing data analytical techniques such as full information maximum likelihood estimation (FIML) may fail with nonnormal data as they are built on normal…

As the significance of understanding the cause-and-effect relationships among variables increases in the development of modern systems and algorithms, learning causality from observational data has become a preferred and efficient approach…

Causal discovery between collections of time-series data can help diagnose causes of symptoms and hopefully prevent faults before they occur. However, reliable causal discovery can be very challenging, especially when the data acquisition…

This paper demonstrates how to discover the whole causal graph from the second derivative of the log-likelihood in observational non-linear additive Gaussian noise models. Leveraging scalable machine learning approaches to approximate the…

We evaluate the performance of targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) for estimating the average treatment effect in missing data scenarios under varying levels of positivity violations. We employ model- and design-based simulations,…

Although approaches for handling missing data from longitudinal studies are well-developed when the patterns of missingness are monotone, fewer methods are available for non-monotone missingness. Moreover, the conventional missing at random…

Predictive mean matching (PMM) is a popular imputation strategy that imputes missing values by borrowing observed values from other cases with similar expectations. We show that, unlike other imputation strategies, PMM is not guaranteed to…

Inferring causal directions on discrete and categorical data is an important yet challenging problem. Even though the additive noise models (ANMs) approach can be adapted to the discrete data, the functional structure assumptions make it…

We consider a problem of linear model selection in the presence of both continuous and categorical predictors. Feasible models consist of subsets of numerical variables and partitions of levels of factors. A new algorithm called delete or…