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We suggest how to interpret the action of the quantum Hamiltonian constraint of general relativity in the loop representation as a skein relation on the space of knots. Therefore, by considering knot polynomials that are compatible with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

The covariant phase space formalism in general relativity is a covariant method for constructing the symplectic two-form, Hamiltonian and other conserved charges on the phase space of solutions to the Einstein equation with classical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-15 Abhirup Bhattacharya , Onkar Parrikar

We show that perturbative quantum gravity based on the Einstein-Hilbert action, has a novel continuum limit. The renormalized trajectory emanates from the Gaussian fixed point along (marginally) relevant directions but enters the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-09 Matthew Kellett , Alex Mitchell , Tim R. Morris

We discuss the semiclassical limit of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity, a recently proposed model to address the quantum dynamics of the early Universe. We apply the techniques developed in full Loop Quantum Gravity to define the semiclassical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-18 Emanuele Alesci , Francesco Cianfrani

We discuss Einstein gravity for a fluid consisting of particles interacting with an unidentified environment of some other particles whose dissipative effect is approximated by a diffusion. The environment is described by a time dependent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Z. Haba

We present an improved formulation of 4-dimensional Lorentzian spinfoam quantum gravity with cosmological constant. The construction of spinfoam amplitudes uses the state-integral model of PSL(2,$\mathbb{C}$) Chern-Simons theory and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-15 Muxin Han

The tree-level scattering amplitudes of general relativity encode the full non-linearity of the Einstein field equations. Yet remarkably compact expressions for these amplitudes have been found which seem unrelated to a perturbative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-02 Tim Adamo

We give an alternative description of the physical content of general relativity that does not require a Lorentz invariant spacetime. Instead, we find that gravity admits a dual description in terms of a theory where local size is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-30 Henrique Gomes , Sean Gryb , Tim Koslowski

We treat the semiclassical Einstein equation as a quantum-classical hybrid and demonstrate the formal equivalence of its two derivation methods. This approach identifies the left-hand side of the equation as the expectation value of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-25 Daniel R. Terno

General covariance in quantum gravity is seen once one integrates over all possible metrics. In recent years topological field theories have given us a different route to general covariance without integrating over all possible metrics.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 Andrew Toon

Spinfoams provide a framework for the dynamics of loop quantum gravity that is manifestly covariant under the full four-dimensional diffeomorphism symmetry group of general relativity. In this way they complete the ideal of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-01 Jonathan Engle , Simone Speziale

This work derives the elements of classical Einstein Cartan theory (EC) from classical general relativity (GR) in two ways. (I) Derive discrete versions of torsion (translational holonomy) and the spin torsion field equation of EC from one…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-31 Richard James Petti

We introduce a proposal to modify Einstein's equations by embedding them in a larger symmetric hyperbolic system. The additional dynamical variables of the modified system are essentially first integrals of the original constraints. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Othmar Brodbeck , Simonetta Frittelli , Peter Huebner , Oscar A. Reula

We show that the canonical formulation of the semiclassical Einstein equation, where the matter terms in the constraints are replaced by expectation values of the corresponding operators in quantum states, is inconsistent due to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-12 Viqar Husain , Irfan Javed

Semi-classical gravity is an approximation to quantum gravity where gravity is treated classically and matter quantum mechanically. Matter is described by quantum field theory on curved space-time, whereas gravity is described by a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-07 Ward Struyve

We consider the equation of motion in the gravity sector that arises from the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of E11 and its first fundamental representation, denoted by l1, in four dimensions. This equation is first order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-05 Peter West

We investigate the ultraviolet behavior of 4-dimensional Lorentzian covariant Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) and address the problem of infinite ambiguities relating to the triangulation dependence of spinfoam amplitudes. We consider the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Muxin Han

This paper gives a twistor-string formulation for all tree amplitudes of Einstein (super-)gravities for N=0 and 4. Formulae are given with and without cosmological constant and with various possibilities for the gauging. The formulae are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 Tim Adamo , Lionel J. Mason

This is a brief introduction to general relativity, designed for both students and teachers of the subject. While there are many excellent expositions of general relativity, few adequately explain the geometrical meaning of the basic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 John C. Baez , Emory F. Bunn

The Einstein-Hilbert action has a bulk term and a surface term (which arises from integrating a four divergence). I show that one can obtain Einstein's equations from the surface term alone. This leads to: (i) a novel, completely self…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 T. Padmanabhan