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The Glivenko--Cantelli theorem is a uniform version of the strong law of large numbers. It states that for every IID sequence of random variables, the empirical measure converges to the underlying distribution (in the sense of uniform…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Tobias Fritz , Tomáš Gonda , Antonio Lorenzin , Paolo Perrone , Areeb Shah Mohammed

The Glivenko-Cantelli theorem states that the empirical distribution function converges uniformly almost surely to the theoretical distribution for a random variable $X \in \mathbb{R}$. This is an important result because it establishes the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Daniel Salnikov

Let $\mu$ be a probability measure on $\mathbb{R}$ with cumulative distribution function $F$, $(x_{i})_{1}^{n}$ a large i.i.d. sample from $\mu$, and $F_{n}$ the associated empirical distribution function. The Glivenko-Cantelli theorem…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-02-22 Daniel Fresen

Consider informative selection of a sample from a finite population. Responses are realized as independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables with a probability density function (p.d.f.) f, referred to as the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Daniel Bonnéry , F. Jay Breidt , François Coquet

We study the sample complexity of learning a uniform approximation of an $n$-dimensional cumulative distribution function (CDF) within an error $\epsilon > 0$, when observations are restricted to a minimal one-bit feedback. This serves as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Castiglioni , Anna Lunghi , Alberto Marchesi

This paper addresses the statistical problem of estimating the infinite-norm deviation from the empirical mean to the distribution mean for high-dimensional distributions on $\{0,1\}^d$, potentially with $d=\infty$. Unlike traditional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Moïse Blanchard , Václav Voráček

We develop a Glivenko--Cantelli theory for monotone, almost additive functions of i.\,i.\,d.\ sequences of random variables indexed by~$\Z^d$. Under certain conditions on the random sequence, short range correlations are allowed as well. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-28 Christoph Schumacher , Fabian Schwarzenberger , Ivan Veselic

In this paper, we develop a general approach to proving global and local uniform limit theorems for the Horvitz-Thompson empirical process arising from complex sampling designs. Global theorems such as Glivenko-Cantelli and Donsker…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-31 Qiyang Han , Jon A. Wellner

This paper introduces an upper bound on the absolute difference between: (a) the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the sum of a finite number of independent and identically distributed random variables with finite absolute third…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Dadja Anade , Jean-Marie Gorce , Philippe Mary , Samir Perlaza

We characterize conditions under which collections of distributions on $\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}$ admit uniform estimation of their mean. Prior work from Vapnik and Chervonenkis (1971) has focused on uniform convergence using the empirical mean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Tanmay Devale , Pramith Devulapalli , Steve Hanneke

Standard uniform convergence results bound the generalization gap of the expected loss over a hypothesis class. The emergence of risk-sensitive learning requires generalization guarantees for functionals of the loss distribution beyond the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-29 Liu Leqi , Audrey Huang , Zachary C. Lipton , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli

We present conditions that allow us to pass from the convergence of probability measures in distribution to the uniform convergence of the associated quantile functions. Under these conditions, one can in particular pass from the asymptotic…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-11-01 Johan Manuel Bogoya , Albrecht Boettcher , Egor A. Maximenko

In this paper we extend the classical Glivenko-Cantelli theorem to real-valued empirical functions under dependence structures characterised by $\alpha$-mixing and $\beta$-mixing conditions. We investigate sufficient conditions ensuring…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Ousmane Coulibaly , Harouna Sangaré

Estimation of the complete distribution of a random variable is a useful primitive for both manual and automated decision making. This problem has received extensive attention in the i.i.d. setting, but the arbitrary data dependent setting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-01 Paul Mineiro , Steven R. Howard

We extend the celebrated Glivenko-Cantelli theorem, sometimes called the fundamental theorem of statistics, from its standard setting of total variation distance to all $f$-divergences. A key obstacle in this endeavor is to define…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Haoming Wang , Lek-Heng Lim

Normalizing flows model a complex target distribution in terms of a bijective transform operating on a simple base distribution. As such, they enable tractable computation of a number of important statistical quantities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Chandramouli Shama Sastry , Andreas Lehrmann , Marcus Brubaker , Alexander Radovic

We consider random fields indexed by finite subsets of an amenable discrete group, taking values in the Banach-space of bounded right-continuous functions. The field is assumed to be equivariant, local, coordinate-wise monotone, and almost…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-09-28 Christoph Schumacher , Fabian Schwarzenberger , Ivan Veselic

In this work, we prove the joint convergence in distribution of $q$ variables modulo one obtained as partial sums of a sequence of i.i.d. square integrable random variables multiplied by a common factor given by some function of an…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Roberta Flenghi , Benjamin Jourdain

A sum of lognormal random variables (RVs) appears in many problems of science and engineering. For example, it is invloved in computing the distribution of recevied signal and interference powers for radio channels subject to lognormal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-16 Fredrik Berggren

Quantile aggregation with dependence uncertainty has a long history in probability theory with wide applications in finance, risk management, statistics, and operations research. Using a recent result on inf-convolution of quantile-based…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-09 Jose Blanchet , Henry Lam , Yang Liu , Ruodu Wang
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