Related papers: Upstream Causes of Downstream Effects
Recent studies have shown associations between redlining policies (1935-1974) and present-day fine particulate matter (PM$_{2.5}$) and nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) air pollution concentrations. In this paper, we reevaluate these associations…
In a recent paper (Trefry et al., 2019) we showed that the interplay of aquifer heterogeneity and poroelasticity can produce complex transport in tidally forced aquifers, with significant implications for solute transport, mixing and…
Floods are one of the deadliest natural hazards and are fueled by excessive urbanization. Urban development decreases infiltration by reducing pervious areas and increases the accumulation of pollutants during dry weather. During wet…
It is generally accepted that the hydrophilic property of graphene can be affected by the underlying substrate. However, the role of intrinsic vs. substrate contributions and the related mechanisms are vividly debated. Here we show that the…
We investigate the estimation of the causal effect of a treatment variable on an outcome in the presence of a latent confounder. We first show that the causal effect is identifiable under certain conditions when data is available from…
We develop a causal inference approach to estimate the number of adverse health events prevented by large-scale air quality regulations via changes in exposure to multiple pollutants. This approach is motivated by regulations that impact…
We present a physical model to explain the behavior of long-term, time series measurements of chloride, a natural passive tracer, in rainfall and runoff in catchments [Kirchner et al., Nature 403(524), 2000]. A spectral analysis of the data…
We consider the management of sloping, long and thin, coastal aquifers. We first develop a simple mathematical model, based on Darcy flow for porous media, which gives the water table height, and the flow velocity as a function of the…
There has been active investigation into deep learning approaches for time series analysis, including foundation models. However, most studies do not address significant scientific applications. This paper aims to identify key features in…
This study investigates the interfacial tension, fluid mobility, and crystallization behavior of various saline and additive-modified solutions in a microfluidic chip environment, simulating pore-scale processes during CO2 injection. The…
Motivated by environmental policy questions, we address the challenges of estimation, change point detection, and uncertainty quantification of a causal exposure-response function (CERF). Under a potential outcome framework, the CERF…
Cleaning pollution from a heterogeneous flow environment is far from simple. We consider the flow capture problem, which has flows and sinks in a heterogeneous environment, and investigate the problem of positioning pollutant capture units.…
The origin of uniaxial and hydrostatic pressure effects on $T_c$ in the single-layered cuprate superconductors is theoretically explored. A two-orbital model, derived from first principles and analyzed with the fluctuation exchange…
Anaerobic digestion enables the water industry to treat wastewater as a resource for generating energy and recovering valuable by-products. The complexity of the anaerobic digestion process has motivated the development of complex models.…
Systems whose organization displays causal asymmetry constraints, from evolutionary trees to river basins or transport networks, can be often described in terms of directed paths (causal flows) on a discrete state space. Such a set of paths…
Mississippi River nutrient loads and water stratification on the Louisiana-Texas shelf contribute to an annually recurring, short-lived hypoxic bottom layer in areas of the northern Gulf of Mexico comprising less than 2% of the total Gulf…
Marine chlorophyll concentration is an important indicator of ecosystem health and carbon cycle strength, and its accurate prediction is crucial for red tide warning and ecological response. In this paper, we propose a LSTM-RF hybrid model…
Estimating causal effects on networks is challenging because treatments may affect both treated units and their neighbors, while network homophily induces dependence and confounding. These challenges are amplified when causal effects are…
Several theories have been proposed to explain the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs) produced by the toxic dinoflagellate \emph{Karenia brevis} on the West Florida Shelf. However, because the early stages of HAB development are…
Infrastructure deterioration poses significant challenges for asset management, yet existing approaches rely on population-averaged models that overlook equipment-specific heterogeneity. We present a novel framework that combines Bayesian…