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Contextuality is a feature of quantum correlations. It is crucial from a foundational perspective as a nonclassical phenomenon, and from an applied perspective as a resource for quantum advantage. It is commonly defined in terms of hidden…

Contextuality is central to both the foundations of quantum theory and to the novel information processing tasks. Although it was recognized before Bell's nonlocality, despite some recent proposals, it still faces a fundamental problem: how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-02 A. Grudka , K. Horodecki , M. Horodecki , P. Horodecki , R. Horodecki , P. Joshi , W. Kłobus , A. Wójcik

Contextuality is a non-classical behaviour that can be exhibited by quantum systems. It is increasingly studied for its relationship to quantum-over-classical advantages in informatic tasks. To date, it has largely been studied in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Rui Soares Barbosa , Tom Douce , Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau , Elham Kashefi , Shane Mansfield

In this work, we elaborate on a measure-theoretic approach to negative probabilities. We study a natural notion of contextuality measure and characterize its main properties. Then, we apply this measure to relevant examples of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Elisa Monchietti , César Massri , J. Acacio de Barros , Federico Holik

Contextuality is a defining feature that separates the quantum from the classical descriptions of physical systems. Within the marginal-scenario framework, noncontextual models are characterized by the existence of a single joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Andrea Navoni , Marco G. Genoni , Andrea Smirne

In quantum physics the term `contextual' can be used in more than one way. One usage, here called `Bell contextual' since the idea goes back to Bell, is that if $A$, $B$ and $C$ are three quantum observables, with $A$ compatible (i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-19 Robert B. Griffiths

Contextuality provides a unifying paradigm for nonclassical aspects of quantum probabilities and resources of quantum information. Unfortunately, most forms of quantum contextuality remain experimentally unexplored due to the difficulty of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-02 Adán Cabello

Identifying when observed statistics cannot be explained by any reasonable classical model is a central problem in quantum foundations. A principled and universally applicable approach to defining and identifying nonclassicality is given by…

Contextuality is a central property in comparative analysis of classical, quantum, and supercorrelated systems. We examine and compare two well-motivated approaches to contextuality. One approach ("contextuality-by-default") is based on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-21 J. Acacio de Barros , Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala , Gary Oas

The contextual fraction introduced by Abramsky and Brandenburger defines a quantitative measure of contextuality associated with empirical models, i.e. tables of probabilities of measurement outcomes in experimental scenarios. In this paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Tim Chan , Andrei Constantin

Contextuality and entanglement are valuable resources for quantum computing and quantum information. Bell inequalities are used to certify entanglement; thus, it is important to understand why and how they are violated. Quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-30 Marian Kupczynski

We develop an approach to combining contextuality with causality, which is general enough to cover causal background structure, adaptive measurement-based quantum computation, and causal networks. The key idea is to view contextuality as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Samson Abramsky , Rui Soares Barbosa , Amy Searle

Models of a phenomenon are often developed by examining it under different experimental conditions, or measurement contexts. The resultant probabilistic models assume that the underlying random variables, which define a measurable set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Peter D. Bruza

We unify the resource-theoretic and the cohomological perspective on quantum contextuality. At the center of this unification stands the notion of the contextual fraction. For both symmetry and parity based contextuality proofs, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Cihan Okay , Emily Tyhurst , Robert Raussendorf

The amount of contextuality is quantified in terms of the probability of the necessary violations of noncontextual assignments to counterfactual elements of physical reality.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-21 Karl Svozil

We introduce a framework to describe probabilistic models in Bell experiments, and more generally in contextuality scenarios. Such a scenario is a hypergraph whose vertices represent elementary events and hyperedges correspond to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-31 Tobias Fritz , Anthony Leverrier , Ana Belén Sainz

Traditionally categorical data analysis (e.g. generalized linear models) works with simple, flat datasets akin to a single table in a database with no notion of missing data or conflicting versions. In contrast, modern data analysis must…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Jason Morton

Contextuality is regarded as a non-classical feature, challenging our everyday intuition; quantum contextuality is currently seen as a resource for many applications in quantum computation, being responsible for quantum advantage over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 Roberto D. Baldijao , Marcelo Terra Cunha

We study the contextuality of a three-level quantum system using classical conditional entropy of measurement outcomes. First, we analytically construct the minimal configuration of measurements required to reveal contextuality. Next, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Pawel Kurzynski , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Dagomir Kaszlikowski

This is a review devoted to the complementarity-contextuality interplay with connection to the Bell inequalities. Starting discussion with complementarity, we point out to contextuality as its seed. {\it Bohr-contextuality} is dependence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Andrei Khrennikov
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