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Among Universe's most consequential events are large impacts generating rapidly-evolving extreme pressures and temperatures. Crystalline and amorphous forms of (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 are abundant and widespread, within planets and in space. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-23 Barbara Lavina , Minta C. Akin , Yue Meng , Vitali Prakapenka

Scaled physical modeling is an important means to understand the behavior of fluids in nature. However, a common source of errors is conflicting similarity criteria. Here, we present using hypergravity to improve the scaling similarity of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-31 Jinlong Li , Wenjie Xu , Yunmin Chen , Liangtong Zhan , Yingtao Hu , Ke Li , Thomas Nagel

A single-axis Microelectromechanical system gravimeter has recently been developed at the University of Glasgow. The sensitivity and stability of this device was demonstrated by measuring the Earth tides. The success of this device was…

We present initial observations of the newly-discovered active asteroid 313P/Gibbs (formerly P/2014 S4), taken to characterize its nucleus and comet-like activity. The central object has a radius $\sim$0.5 km (geometric albedo 0.05…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 David Jewitt , Jessica Agarwal , Nuno Peixinho , Harold Weaver , Max Mutchler , Man-To Hui , Jing Li , Stephen Larson

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS shows a weak cometary activity. Its brightness suggests a maximum radius of ~10km (A/0.05)^{-1/2} for an asteroid with an albedo A. I show that interstellar objects with that radius would amount to an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-06 Abraham Loeb

The thermal inertia of an asteroid's surface can provide insight into regolith properties, such as the presence of a layer of fine dust, the density and thermal conductivity of a rocky surface, and, together with other observational data,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-06 Alan W. Harris , Line Drube

Volatile elements and compounds found in extra-terrestrial environments are often the target of In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) studies. Although water and hydroxide are most commonly the focus of these studies as they can be used for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-18 Seamus Anderson , Eleanor Sansom , Patrick Shober , Benjamin Hartig , Hadrien Devillepoix , Martin Towner

The Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS) CubeSat is the first solar science oriented CubeSat mission flown for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, with the main objective of measuring the solar soft X-ray (SXR) flux and a science…

While of order a million asteroids have been discovered, the number in rigorously controlled samples that have precise orbits and rotation periods, as well as well-measured colors, is relatively small. In particular, less than a dozen…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Andrew Gould , Jennifer C. Yee

This work is devoted to the capabilities analysis of constellation and small spacecraft developed using CubeSat technology to solve promising problems of the Earth remote sensing in the area of greenhouse gases emissions. This paper…

The bouncing barrier, a parameter combination at which dust particles in the protoplanetary disk always rebound in mutual collisions, is one of the crucial steps of planet formation. In the past years, several experiments have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 René Weidling , Jürgen Blum

In this work we show that macroscopic experiments can be used to investigate microscopic systems. Such macroscopic experiments enable testing the assumptions and results obtained by theoretical considerations or simulations that can not be…

The Breakthrough Starshot initiative aims to launch a gram-scale spacecraft to a speed of $v\sim 0.2$c, capable of reaching the nearest star system, $\alpha$ Centauri, in about 20 years. However, a critical challenge for the initiative is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-08 Thiem Hoang , A. Lazarian , Blakesley Burkhart , Abraham Loeb

Due to its relatively large eccentricity and proximity to the Sun, Mercury's orbital motion provides one of the best solar-system tests of relativistic gravity. We emphasize the number of feasible relativistic gravity tests that can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Slava G. Turyshev , John D. Anderson , Ronald W. Hellings

In this article, theory-based analytical methodologies of astrophysics employed in the modern era are suitably operated alongside a test research-grade telescope to image and determine the orbit of a near-earth asteroid from original…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-16 Muhammad Farae , Cameron Woo , Anka Hu

Orbital debris is a nonlinear control problem in a stratified orbital environment, not a static inventory. This paper develops a reduced-order shell-and-size framework that connects collision-rate scaling, fragment-production gain, natural…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Slava G. Turyshev

Interplanetary dust in the inner solar system originates from multiple sources, including short-period comets and main-belt asteroids. In this work, we focus specifically on the dynamical evolution of asteroid-derived dust using N-body…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Aanchal Sahu , Jayesh Pabari

Asteroids smaller than about 100 meters are observed to rotate very fast, with periods often much shorter than the critical limit of 2.2 h. Some of these super-fast rotators can also achieve a very large semi-major axis drift induced by the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 Marco Fenucci , Bojan Novaković , Dušan Marčeta

Recent conjectures suggest the universe may have large extra dimensions, through which gravity propagates. This implies gross departures from Newton's law of gravity at small length scales. Here I consider some implications for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Steinn Sigurdsson

We present the on-orbit performance of the Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment ($CUTE$). $CUTE$ is a 6U CubeSat that launched on September 27th, 2021 and is obtaining near-ultraviolet (NUV, 2480 A -- 3306 A) transit spectroscopy of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-01 Arika Egan , Nicholas Nell , Ambily Suresh , Kevin France , Brian Fleming , A. G. Sreejith , Julian Lambert , Nicholas DeCicco