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Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a simple, finite and undirected graph of order $p$ and size $q$. For $k\ge 1$, a bijection $f: V(G)\cup E(G) \to \{k, k+1, k+2, \ldots, k+p+q-1\}$ such that $f(uv)= |f(u) - f(v)|$ for every edge $uv\in E(G)$ is said…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Gee-Choon Lau , Wai-Chee Shiu , Ho-Kuen Ng

Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a simple, finite and undirected graph of order $p$ and size $q$. For $k\ge 1$, a bijection $f: V(G)\cup E(G) \to \{k, k+1, k+2, \ldots, k+p+q-1\}$ such that $f(uv)= |f(u) - f(v)|$ for every edge $uv\in E(G)$ is said…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Gee-Choon Lau , Wai-Chee Shiu , Ho-Kuen Ng , Zhen-Bin Gao , Karl Schaffer

We prove that if $G$ is a $2r$-regular edge graceful $(p,q)$ graph with $(r,kp)=1$ then $kG$ is edge graceful for odd $k$. We also prove that for certain specific classes of $2r$-regular edge graceful graphs it is possible to drop the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Adrian Riskin , Georgia Weidman

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is called $(k,k')$-choosable if for any total list assignment $L$ which assigns to each vertex $v$ a set $L(v)$ of $k$ real numbers, and assigns to each edge $e$ a set $L(e)$ of $k'$ real numbers, there is a mapping…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 T. Wu , J. Luo , Y. Gao

In this paper we introduce a generalization of the well known concept of a graceful labeling. Given a graph G with e=dm edges, we call d-graceful labeling of G an injective function from V(G) to the set {0,1,2,..., d(m+1)-1} such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-10 A. Pasotti

Given a (proper) vertex coloring $f$ of a graph $G$, say $f\colon V(G)\to \mathbb{N}$, the difference edge labelling induced by $f$ is a function $h\colon E(G)\to \mathbb{N}$ defined as $h(uv)=|f(u)-f(v)|$ for every edge $uv$ of $G$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Cyriac Antony , Laavanya D. , Devi Yamini S

A graph $G(V,E)$ of order $|V|=p$ and size $|E|=q$ is called super edge-graceful if there is a bijection $f$ from $E$ to $\{0,\pm 1,\pm 2,...,\pm \frac{q-1}{2}\}$ when $q$ is odd and from $E$ to $\{\pm 1,\pm 2,...,\pm \frac{q}{2}\}$ when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-05 Sylwia Cichacz , Dalibor Froncek , Wenjie Xu

An odd graceful labeling of a graph G=(V,E) is a function f:V(G)->[0,1,2,...,2|E(G)|-1} such that |f(u)-f(v)| is odd value less than or equal to 2|E(G)-1| for any u, v in V(G). In spite of the large number of papers published on the subject…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-03-24 M. Ibrahim Moussa

Given positive integers $p \ge k$, and a non-negative integer $d$, we say a graph $G$ is $(k,d,p)$-choosable if for every list assignment $L$ with $|L(v)|\geq k$ for each $v \in V(G)$ and $|\bigcup_{v\in V(G)}L(v)| \leq p$, there exists an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Jie Ma , Rongxing Xu , Xuding Zhu

A graceful k-coloring of a non-empty graph $G=(V,E)$ is a proper vertex coloring $f:V(G)\rightarrow\lbrace 1,2,...,k \rbrace$, $k\geq 2$, which induces a proper edge coloring $f^{*}:E(G)\rightarrow\lbrace 1, 2, . . . , k-1 \rbrace $ defined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-30 D Laavanya , S Devi Yamini

A function $f$ is a \textit{graceful labelling} of a graph $G=(V,E)$ with $m$ edges if $f$ is an injection $f:V\mapsto \{0,1,2,\dots,m\}$ such that each edge $uv \in E$ is assigned the label $|f(u)-f(v)|$, and no two edge labels are the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Ahmad H. Alkasasbeh , Danny Dyer , Nabil Shalaby

Let $k,p,q$ be three positive integers. A graph $G$ with order $n$ is said to be $k$-placeable if there are $k$ edge disjoint copies of $G$ in the complete graph on $n$ vertices. A $(p,\,q)$-graph is a graph of order $p$ with $q$ edges.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-14 Yun Wang , Jin Yan

A graph $G$ with $p$ vertices and $q$ edges is said to be edge-graceful if its edges can be labeled from $1$ through $q$, in such a way that the labels induced on the vertices by adding over the labels of incident edges modulo $p$ are…

Let $p$ be an odd prime. For a simple connected graph $G$ of order $n$, a bijective function $f:V(G)\to\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ is said to be a Legendre cordial labeling modulo $p$ if the induced function $f_p^*:E(G)\to \{0,1\}$, defined by $f_p^*…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-12 J. D. Andoyo

A graph $G$ is called $(a,b)$-choosable if for any list assignment $L$ which assigns to each vertex $v$ a set $L(v)$ of $a$ permissible colours, there is a $b$-tuple $L$-colouring of $G$. An $(a,1)$-choosable graph is also called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Jixian Meng , Gregory J. Puleo , Xuding Zhu

For a simple connected graph $G$ of order $n$, a bijective function $f:V(G)\to\{1,2,\cdots,n\}$ is said to be a Legendre cordial labeling modulo $p$, where $p$ is an odd prime, if the induced function $f_p^*:E(G)\to \{0,1\}$, defined by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Jason Andoyo

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$. Let $n$ and $k$ be non-negative integers such that $n + 2k \leq |V(G)| - 2$ and $|V(G)| - n$ is even. If when deleting any $n$ vertices of $G$ the remaining subgraph contains a matching of $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Guizhen Liu , Qinglin Yu

A \emph{graceful labeling} of a graph $G$ is an injective function $f : V(G) \to \{0, \ldots, |E(G)|\}$ such that $\{\,|f(u)-f(v)| : uv \in E(G)\,\} = \{1, \ldots, |E(G)|\}$. If such a labeling exists, then we call $G$ \emph{graceful}.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Songling Shan , Yucheng Zhong

A graph G is called (2k, k)-connected if G is 2k-edge-connected and G-v is k-edge-connected for every vertex v. The study of (2k, k)-connected graphs is motivated by a conjecture of Frank which states that a graph has a 2-vertex-connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Olivier Durand de Gevigney , Zoltán Szigeti

Given a graph $G$, a labeling of $G$ is an injective function $f:V(G)\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}$. Under the labeling $f$, the label of a vertex $v$ is $f(v)$, and the induced label of an edge $uv$ is $|f(u) - f(v)|$. The labeling $f$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-30 Matt Superdock
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