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Syntactic Language Models (SLMs) can be trained efficiently to reach relatively high performance; however, they have trouble with inference efficiency due to the explicit generation of syntactic structures. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ryo Yoshida , Taiga Someya , Yohei Oseki

Recent advances in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) show that adding syntactic information to NMT systems can improve the quality of their translations. Most existing work utilizes some specific types of linguistically-inspired tree…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Xinyi Wang , Hieu Pham , Pengcheng Yin , Graham Neubig

We study the problem of enumerating the answers to a query formulated in monadic second order logic (MSO) over an unranked forest F that is compressed by a straight-line program (SLP) D. Our main result states that this can be done after…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Markus Lohrey , Markus L. Schmid

We study bounded weighted shifts on directed trees. We show that the set of multiplication operators associated with an injective weighted shift on a rooted directed tree coincides with the WOT/SOT closure of the set of polynomials of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-02-03 Piotr Budzynski , Piotr Dymek , Artur Planeta , Marek Ptak

We describe a generic construction of non-wellfounded syntax involving variable binding and its monadic substitution operation. Our construction of the syntax and its substitution takes place in category theory, notably by using monoidal…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Ralph Matthes , Kobe Wullaert , Benedikt Ahrens

Intuitionistic grammar logics fuse constructive and multi-modal reasoning while permitting the use of converse modalities, serving as a generalization of standard intuitionistic modal logics. In this paper, we provide definitions of these…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Tim S. Lyon

A number of hook formulas and hook summation formulas have previously appeared, involving various classes of trees. One of these classes of trees is rooted trees with labelled vertices, in which the labels increase along every chain from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-13 Valentin Féray , I. P. Goulden , A. Lascoux

We consider the state complexity of basic operations on tree languages recognized by deterministic unranked tree automata. For the operations of union and intersection the upper and lower bounds of both weakly and strongly deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

Straight-line (linear) context-free tree (SLT) grammars have been used to compactly represent ordered trees. It is well known that equivalence of SLT grammars is decidable in polynomial time. Here we extend this result and show that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-17 Markus Lohrey , Sebastian Maneth , Fabian Peternek

Constraint-based grammars can, in principle, serve as the major linguistic knowledge source for both parsing and generation. Surface generation starts from input semantics representations that may vary across grammars. For many declarative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Stephan Busemann

By weighted tree we understand such connected tree,that: a) each its vertex and each edge have a positive integer weight; b) the weight of each vertex is equal to the sum of weights of outgoing edges. Each tree has a binary structure --- we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-24 Yury Kochetkov

In this paper we present a fully lexicalized grammar formalism as a particularly attractive framework for the specification of natural language grammars. We discuss in detail Feature-based, Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (FB-LTAGs), a…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 B. Srinivas , Dania Egedi , Christy Doran , Tilman Becker

So far, a very large amount of work in Natural Language Processing (NLP) rely on trees as the core mathematical structure to represent linguistic informations (e.g. in Chomsky's work). However, some linguistic phenomena do not cope properly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-02-27 Guillaume Bonfante , Bruno Guillaume

Many complex generative systems use languages to create structured objects. We consider a model of random languages, defined by weighted context-free grammars. As the distribution of grammar weights broadens, a transition is found from a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-04-03 E. DeGiuli

We continue our investigation into hybrid polyadic multi-sorted logic with a focus on expresivity related to the operational and axiomatic semantics of rogramming languages, and relations with first-order logic. We identify a fragment of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Ioana Leuştean , Natalia Moangă , Traian Florin Şerbănuţă

Random forests are decision tree ensembles that can be used to solve a variety of machine learning problems. However, as the number of trees and their individual size can be large, their decision making process is often incomprehensible. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Nico Potyka , Xiang Yin , Francesca Toni

Weighted recursive trees are built by adding successively vertices with predetermined weights to a tree: each new vertex is attached to a parent chosen randomly proportionally to its weight. Under some assumptions on the sequence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Michel Pain , Delphin Sénizergues

Efficient methods for storing and querying are critical for scaling high-order n-gram language models to large corpora. We propose a language model based on compressed suffix trees, a representation that is highly compact and can be easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Ehsan Shareghi , Matthias Petri , Gholamreza Haffari , Trevor Cohn

Term unification plays an important role in many areas of computer science, especially in those related to logic. The universal mechanism of grammar-based compression for terms, in particular the so-called Singleton Tree Grammars (STG),…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-03-13 Adrià Gascón , Guillem Godoy , Manfred Schmidt-Schauß

Whether language models (LMs) have inductive biases that favor typologically frequent grammatical properties over rare, implausible ones has been investigated, typically using artificial languages (ALs) (White and Cotterell, 2021;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nadine El-Naggar , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Ted Briscoe