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This is an introduction to quantum gravity, aimed at a fairly general audience and concentrating on what have historically two main approaches to quantum gravity: the covariant and canonical programs (string theory is not covered). The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 David Wallace

We construct the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of the very extended algebra A1+++ and its vector representation. This theory has an infinite number of fields that depend on a spacetime with an infinite number of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-10 Keith Glennon , Peter West

We show that if a Lagrangian is invariant under a transformation (with the invariance defined in the standard manner), then the equations of motion obtained from it maintain their form under the transformation. We also show that the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-05-25 G. F. Torres del Castillo , A. Moreno-Ruiz

Stochastic field equations for linearized gravity are presented. The theory is compared with the usual quantum field theory and questions of Lorentz covariance are discussed. The classical radiation approximation is also presented.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Mark P. Davidson

Decoherence may not solve all of the measurement problems of quantum mechanics. It is proposed that a solution to these problems may be to allow that superpositions describe physically real systems in the following sense. Each quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Merriam

General relativity is highly successful in explaining a wide range of gravitational phenomena including the gravitational waves emitted by binary systems and the shadows cast by supermassive black holes. From a modern perspective the theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-26 Jesse Daas , Cristobal Laporte , Frank Saueressig , Tim van Dijk

The main results are: 1. A manifestly covariant technique for the calculation of De Witt coefficients is elaborated; 2. The coefficients $a_3$ and $a_4$ are calculated; 3. Covariant methods for the study of the nonlocal structure of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 Ivan G. Avramidi

Quantizing the gravitational field described by General relativity being a notorious difficult, unsolved and maybe meaningless problem I use in this essay a different strategy: I consider a linear theory in the framework of Special…

General Physics · Physics 2016-03-28 Ll. Bel

Starting from the concept of involution of field equations, a universal method is proposed for constructing consistent interactions between the fields. The method equally well applies to the Lagrangian and non-Lagrangian equations and it is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 D. S. Kaparulin , S. L. Lyakhovich , A. A. Sharapov

The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wolfgang Engelhardt

Understanding the phenomenon of quantum superposition of gravitational fields induced by massive quantum particles is an important starting point for quantum gravity. The purpose of this study is to deepen our understanding of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Yuuki Sugiyama , Akira Matsumura , Kazuhiro Yamamoto

The covariant Maxwell equations are derived from the continuity equation for the electric charge. This result provides an axiomatic approach to Maxwell's equations in which charge conservation is emphasized as the fundamental axiom…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-01-04 Jose A. Heras

The paper discusses some scalar invariants in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field by means of the characteristics of the quaternions. When we emphasize some definitions of quaternion physical quantities, the speed of light,…

General Physics · Physics 2010-07-16 Zihua Weng

The statement that Maxwell's electrodynamics in vacuum is already covariant under Lorentz transformations is commonplace in the literature. We analyse the actual meaning of that statement and demonstrate that Maxwell's equations are…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-04-10 D V Redzic

Effective field theory provides a way of parameterizing strong-field deviations from General Relativity that might be observable in the gravitational waves emitted in a black hole merger. To perform numerical simulations of mergers in such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 Aron D. Kovacs , Harvey S. Reall

Starting from the original Einstein action, sometimes called the Gamma squared action, we propose a new setup to formulate modified theories of gravity. This can yield a theory with second order field equations similar to those found in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 Christian G. Boehmer , Erik Jensko

We develop theory and software for rotation equivariant operators on scalar and vector fields, with diverse applications in simulation, optimization and machine learning. Rotation equivariance (covariance) means all fields in the system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Paul Shen , Michael Herbst , Venkat Viswanathan

As a canonical and generally covariant gauge theory, loop quantum gravity requires special techniques to derive effective actions or equations. If the proper constructions are taken into account, the theory, in spite of considerable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-02 Martin Bojowald

In this paper we investigate a complex symmetric generalization of general relativity and in particular we investigate its linearized field equations. We begin by reviewing some basic definitions and structures in Moffat's symmetric complex…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-22 Joakim Munkhammar

Solving field equations in the context of higher curvature gravity theories is a formidable task. However in many situations, e.g., in the context of $f(R)$ theories the higher curvature gravity action can be written as Einstein-Hilbert…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-11 Sumanta Chakraborty , Soumitra SenGupta