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Climate models project that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) will weaken in the 21st century, but the magnitude is highly uncertain. Some of this uncertainty is structural, as most climate models neglect increasing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Oliver Mehling , Henk A. Dijkstra

Predicting future probable values of model parameters, is an essential pre-requisite for assessing model decision reliability in an uncertain environment. Scenario Analysis is a methodology for modelling uncertainty in water resources…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-04-17 Seyed Hamed Alemohammad , Reza Ardakanian , Akbar Karimi

Current global warming is causing significant changes in snowfall in polar regions, directly impacting the mass balance of the ice caps. The only water supply in Antarctica, precipitation, is poorly estimated from surface measurements. The…

In this study, annual runoff is estimated by using a Bayesian geostatistical model for interpolation of hydrological data of different spatial support. That is, streamflow observations from catchments (areal data), and precipitation and…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-10 Thea Roksvåg , Ingelin Steinsland , Kolbjørn Engeland

Global data assimilation enables weather forecasting at all scales and provides valuable data for studying the Earth system. However, the computational demands of physics-based algorithms used in operational systems limits the volume and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Thomas J. Vandal , Kate Duffy , Daniel McDuff , Yoni Nachmany , Chris Hartshorn

Changes in extreme weather events are a potentially important aspect of anthropogenic climate change (ACC), yet, are difficult to attribute to ACC because the record length is often similar to, or shorter than, extreme-event return periods.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Peter Sherman , Peter Huybers , Eli Tziperman

Trend-Run model was performed to estimate the trend in surface temperatures recorded at 12 sites in Guinea from 1960 to 2016 and to examine the contribution of each climate forcing. The coefficient of determination (R 2) calculated varies…

Weather conditions can drastically alter the state of crops and rangelands, and in turn, impact the incomes and food security of individuals worldwide. Satellite-based remote sensing offers an effective way to monitor vegetation and climate…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-26 Erika McPhillips , Hyeongseong Lee , Xiangyu Xie , Kathy Baylis , Chris Funk , Mengyang Gu

Rainfall exhibits extreme variability at many space and time scales and calls for a statistical description. Based on an analysis of radar measurements of precipitation over the tropical oceans, we introduce a new probability law for the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 Prasun K. Kundu , Ravi K. Siddani

Flooding is one of the most destructive natural hazards worldwide, posing serious risks to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human livelihoods. This study combines Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery with environmental and hydrological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Edwin Oluoch Awino , Denis Machanda

Rainfall forecasting plays a critical role in climate adaptation, agriculture, and water resource management. This study develops long-term forecasts of monthly rainfall across 19 districts of West Bengal using a century-scale dataset…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-30 Jishu Adhikary , Raju Maiti

High quality Quantitative Precipitation Estimation at high spatiotemporal resolution is crucial to many hydrologic/hydro-meteorological designs. Optimal Quantitative Precipitation Estimation of rainfall improves the accuracy of river and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-09-03 Ruhollah Nasiri , Mohamad Sarajzadeh

The beginning of the rainy season and the occurrence of dry spells in West Africa is notoriously difficult to predict, however these are the key indicators farmers use to decide when to plant crops, having a major influence on their overall…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-11 Colin Bobocea , Yves Atchadé

Monthly streamflow records from a set of gauging stations, selected to form a reference hydrologic network, are analyzed together with precipitation and temperature data to establish whether the streamflows in the Guadalquivir River Basin…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Patricio Yeste , Javier Dorador , Wenceslao Martín-Rosales , Emilio Molero , María Jesús Esteban Parra

Accurate modeling of daily rainfall, encompassing both dry and wet days as well as extreme precipitation events, is critical for robust hydrological and climatological analyses. This study proposes a zero-inflated extended generalized…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-01 Aamar Abbas , Touqeer Ahmad , Ishfaq Ahmad

Daily temperature anomaly records are analyzed (61 for Australia, 18 for Hungary) by means of detrended fluctuation analysis. Positive long range asymptotic correlations extending up to 5-10 years are detected for each case. Contrary to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrea Király , Imre M. Jánosi

The cloud cover and meteorological parameters serve as fundamental criteria for the qualification of an astronomical observatory working in optical and infrared wavelengths. In this paper, we present a systematic assessment of key…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-18 Ruiyue Li , Fei He , Licai Deng , Xiaodian Chen , Fan Yang , Yong Zhao , Bo Zhang , Chunguang Zhang , Chen Yang , Tian Lan

We show that the hourly rainfall rate distribution can be described by a simple power law to a good approximation. We show that the exponent of the distribution in tropics is universal and is equal to $1.13\pm 0.11$. At higher latitudes the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pankaj Jain , Suman Jain , Gauher Shaheen

Accurate and timely prediction of heavy rainfall events is crucial for effective flood risk management and disaster preparedness. By monitoring, analysing, and evaluating rainfall data at a local level, it is not only possible to take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Edwin Salcedo

Rapid groundwater depletion in India is a sustainability challenge. However, the crucial role of climate and groundwater pumping on persisting groundwater drought remains unrecognized. Using the data from Gravity recovery climate experiment…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-02 Akarsh Asoka , Vimal Mishra