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A box model of the inter-hemispheric Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is developed, including a variable pycnocline depth for the tropical and subtropical regions. The circulation is forced by winds over a periodic channel in the…
The atmospheric dynamics of tidally-locked hot Jupiters is characterized by strong equatorial winds. Understanding the interaction between global circulation and chemistry is crucial in atmospheric studies and interpreting observations.…
In many rotating fluids, the lowest-order force balance is between gravity, pressure, and rotational acceleration ('GPR' balance). Terrestrial GPR balance takes the form of geostrophy and hydrostasy, which together yield the terrestrial…
Understanding future changes in temperature variability and extremes is an important scientific challenge with societal impacts. Here the responses of daily near-surface temperature distributions to climate warming is explored using an…
The angular width of Earth's Hadley cell has been related to the square root of the product of the tropospheric thickness and the buoyancy frequency, and to the inverse of the square root of the angular velocity and the planetary radius.…
In this paper, we study elliptic gradient estimates for a nonlinear $f$-heat equation, which is related to the gradient Ricci soliton and the weighted log-Sobolev constant of smooth metric measure spaces. Precisely, we obtain Hamilton's and…
Latitudinal variations in turbulent heat flux play a key role in the thermal and magnetic evolution of rapidly rotating planets and stars. Although global spherical-shell simulations have documented such variations, explicit…
The presence of celestial companions means that any planet may be subject to three kinds of harmonic mechanical forcing: tides, precession/nutation, and libration. These forcings can generate flows in internal fluid layers, such as fluid…
It is argued that, for motion in a central force field, polar reciprocals of trajectories are an elegant alternative to hodographs. The principal advantage of polar reciprocals is that the transformation from a trajectory to its polar…
We present a method to simulate nonhydrostatic ocean flows on a horizontally-unstructured grid with a moving generalized vertical coordinate (GVC). The nonhydrostatic governing equations are transformed to a GVC system that can represent…
The investigation of planets around other stars began with the study of gas giants, but is now extending to the discovery and characterization of super-Earths and terrestrial planets. Motivated by this observational tide, we survey the…
We construct a generally-covariant formulation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in General Relativity. We find covariant entropic forces arising from gradients of the entropy density, and a corresponding non-conservation of the energy…
An estimate of the net direction of climate interactions in different geographical regions is made by constructing a directed climate network from a regular latitude-longitude grid of nodes, using a directionality index (DI) based on…
The Southern Ocean plays an integral role in the global climate system, exchanging heat, salt, and carbon throughout the major ocean basins via the deep, fast-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is…
Recently the area of tropical geometry has introduced the concept of the tropical elliptic group law associated with a tropical elliptic curve. This gives rise to a notion of the tropical QRT mapping. We compute the explicit tropically…
The observed temperature dependence of electrical conduction in polymer electrolytes is usually fitted with two separated equations: an Arrhenius equation at low temperatures and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) at high temperatures. We report…
A general near-field thermal electromagnetic transport formalism that is independent of the size, shape and number of heat sources is derived. The formalism is based on fluctuational electrodynamics, where fluctuating currents due to…
The tropical convex hull of a finite set of points in tropical projective space has a natural structure of a cellular free resolution. Therefore, methods from computational commutative algebra can be used to compute tropical convex hulls.…
We establish global Gaussian estimates for the Green's matrix of divergence form, second order parabolic systems in a cylindrical domain under the assumption that weak solutions of the system vanishing on a portion of the boundary satisfy a…
The North Atlantic Ocean circulation, fuelled by winds and surface buoyancy fluxes, carries 1.25 PettaWatts of heat poleward in the subtropics, and helps in regulating global weather and climate patterns. Here, we assess the relative…