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Open classical and quantum systems with effective parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry, over the past five years, have shown tremendous promise for advances in lasers, sensing, and non-reciprocal devices. And yet, how such effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-21 Archak Purkayastha , Manas Kulkarni , Yogesh N. Joglekar

The spectral, dynamical and topological properties of physical systems described by non-Hermitian (including $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric) Hamiltonians are deeply modified by the appearance of exceptional points and spectral singularities. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 S. Longhi , G. Della Valle

Non-Hermitian parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) and anti-parity-time ($\mathcal{APT}$)-symmetric systems exhibit novel quantum properties and have attracted increasing interest. Although many counterintuitive phenomena in $\mathcal{PT}$- and…

Balanced gain and loss leads to stationary dynamics in open systems. This occurs naturally in PT-symmetric systems, where the imaginary part of the potential describing gain and loss is perfectly antisymmetric. While this case seems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Daniel Dizdarevic , Holger Cartarius , Jörg Main , Günter Wunner

We demonstrate that quantum fluctuations can cause, under certain conditions, the dynamical instability of pure states that can result in their evolution into mixed states. It is shown that the degree and type of such an instability are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-19 Konstantin G. Zloshchastiev

We show how the band structure and beam dynamics of non-Hermitian $PT$-symmetric sinusoidal optical lattices can be approached from the point of view of the equivalent Hermitian problem, obtained by an analytic continuation in the…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-20 H. F. Jones

The quantum theory of indirect measurements in physical systems is studied. The example of an indirect measurement of an observable represented by a self-adjoint operator $\mathcal{N}$ with finite spectrum is analysed in detail. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-09-12 M. Ballesteros , N. Crawford , M. Fraas , J. Fröhlich , B. Schubnel

A non-unitary transformation leading to a Hatano-Nelson problem is performed on an array of equally-spaced optical waveguides. Such transformation produces a non-reciprocal system of waveguides, as the corresponding Hamiltonian becomes…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-17 Ivan Bocanegra , Héctor M. Moya-Cessa

The {\eta} pseudo PT symmetry theory, denoted by the symbol {\eta}, explores the conditions under which non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can possess real spectra despite the violation of PT symmetry, that is the adjoint of H, denoted H^{{\dag}}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Mustapha Maamache , Nour El Houda Absi

The time evolution of initially localized wavepackets in the discrete Hatano-Nelson lattice displays a rich dynamical structure shaped by the interplay between dispersion and nonreciprocity. Our analysis reveals a characteristic evolution…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Sayan Jana , Bertin Many Manda , Vassos Achilleos , Dimitrios J. Frantzeskakis , Lea Sirota

Open systems with gain, loss, or both, described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, have been a research frontier for the past decade. In particular, such Hamiltonians which possess parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry feature dynamically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Andrew K. Harter , Yogesh N. Joglekar

The dynamics of open quantum systems is determined by avoided and true crossings of eigenvalue trajectories of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. The phases of the eigenfunctions are not rigid so that environmentally induced spectroscopic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-28 Ingrid Rotter

In the framework of perturbation theory the reality of the perturbed eigenvalues of a class of $\PT$symmetric Hamiltonians is proved using stability techniques. We apply this method to $\PT$symmetric unperturbed Hamiltonians perturbed by…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 E. Caliceti , F. Cannata , S. Graffi

We note that the non-orthogonality of states and their coincidence at the degeneracy point are both admitted by nonlinear Hermitian systems and linear non-Hermitian systems. These striking characteristics motivate us to re-investigate the…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2025-06-25 Yu-Hao Wang , Yan-Hong Qin , Jie Liu , Li-Chen Zhao

Effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are obtained to describe coherent perfect absorbing and lasing boundary conditions. PT -symmetry of the Hamiltonians enables to design configurations which perfectly absorb at multiple frequencies.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 V. Achilleos , G. Theocharis , O. Richoux , V. Pagneux

Information on quantum systems can be obtained only when they are open (or opened) in relation to a certain environment. As a matter of fact, realistic open quantum systems appear in very different shape. We sketch the theoretical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-08 Ingrid Rotter

We study the coupled even number of microcavities with the balanced gain and loss between any pair of their neighboring components. The effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian for such structure has the cyclic permutation-time symmetry with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-26 Bing He , Liu Yang , Zhaoyang Zhang , Min Xiao

We describe some general results that constrain the dynamical fluctuations that can occur in non-equilibrium steady states, with a focus on molecular dynamics. That is, we consider Hamiltonian systems, coupled to external heat baths, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-22 Robert L. Jack , Marcus Kaiser , Johannes Zimmer

Non-Hermitian systems have attracted considerable interest in recent years owing to their unique topological properties that are absent in Hermitian systems. While such properties have been thoroughly characterized in free fermion models,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Yuchen Guo , Ruohan Shen , Shuo Yang

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians provide an alternative perspective on the dynamics of quantum and classical systems coupled non-conservatively to an environment. Once primarily an interest of mathematical physicists, the theory of non-Hermitian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Hilary M. Hurst , Benedetta Flebus