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The massive integration of renewable-based distributed energy resources (DERs) inherently increases the energy system's complexity, especially when it comes to defining its operational schedule. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-10 Hou Shengren , Pedro P. Vergara , Edgar Mauricio Salazar Duque , Peter Palensky

Distribution grid operation faces new challenges caused by a rising share of renewable energy sources and the introduction of additional types of loads to the grid. With the increasing adoption of distributed generation and emerging…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Sebastian Peter , Daniel Feismann , Johannes Bao , Thomas Oberließen , Christian Rehtanz

We address the co-optimization of behind-the-meter (BTM) distributed energy resources (DER), including flexible demands, renewable distributed generation (DG), and battery energy storage systems (BESS) under net energy metering (NEM)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-12 Ruixiao Yang , Gulai Shen , Ahmed S. Alahmed , Chuchu Fan

Demand response (DR) is not only a crucial solution to the demand side management but also a vital means of electricity market in maintaining power grid reliability, sustainability and stability. DR can enable consumers (e.g. data centers)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Jianhai Chen , Deshi Ye , Shouling Ji , Qinming He , Yang Xiang , Zhenguang Liu

In this article, we focus on the problem of mitigating the risk of not being able to meet the power demand, due to the inherent uncertainty of renewable energy generation sources in microgrids. We consider three different demand scenarios,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-20 Arnab Dey , Vivek Khatana , Ankur Mani , Murti V. Salapaka

In low-carbon grids, system flexibility can be enhanced through mechanisms such as Demand Response (DR), enabling the efficient utilization of renewable energy. However, as Synchronous Generators (SGs) are being replaced by renewable energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Peng Wang , Zhengmao Li , Luis Badesa

Dispatchability of renewable energy sources and inflexible loads can be achieved using a volatility-compensating energy storage. However, as the future power outputs of the inflexible devices are uncertain, the computation of a dispatch…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-25 R. R. Appino , J. Á. González Ordiano , R. Mikut , V. Hagenmeyer , T. Faulwasser

Agricultural products are often subject to seasonal fluctuations in production and demand. Predicting and managing inventory levels in response to these variations can be challenging, leading to either excess inventory or stockouts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Amandeep Kaur , Gyan Prakash

To make well-informed investment decisions, energy system stakeholders require reliable cost frameworks for demand response (DR) and storage technologies. While the levelised cost of storage (LCOS) permits comprehensive cost comparisons…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Jacob Thrän , Tim C. Green , Robert Shorten

Due to increased penetration of renewable resources in the distribution grid, the distribution system operator (DSO) faces increased challenges to maintain security and quality of supply. Since, a large proportion of renewables are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-10 Ankur Majumdar , Omid Alizadeh-Mousavi

Integrating the gas and district heating with the electrical grid in a multi-energy grid has been shown to provide flexibility and prevent bottlenecks in the operation of electrical distribution grids. This integration assumes a top-down…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Marwan Mostafa , Davood Babazadeh , Christian Becker

The rapid expansion of data center infrastructure is reshaping power system dynamics by significantly increasing electricity demand while also offering potential for fast and controllable flexibility. To ensure reliable operation under such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Pengyu Ren , Wei Sun , Yifan Wang , Gareth Harrison

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources results in fluctuations in carbon intensity throughout the day. To mitigate their carbon footprint, datacenters can implement demand response (DR) by adjusting their load based on grid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Jiali Xing , Bilge Acun , Aditya Sundarrajan , David Brooks , Manoj Chakkaravarthy , Nikky Avila , Carole-Jean Wu , Benjamin C. Lee

This paper presents a capacity-constrained incentive-based demand response approach for residential smart grids. It aims to maintain electricity grid capacity limits and prevent congestion by financially incentivising end users to reduce or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shafagh Abband Pashaki , Sepehr Maleki , Amir Badiee

Demand Response (DR) is a program designed to match supply and demand by modifying consumption profile. Some of these programs are based on economic incentives, in which, a user is paid to reduce his energy requirements according to an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-31 José Vuelvas , Fredy Ruiz , Giambattista Gruosso

Incentivizing flexible consumption of end-users is key to maximizing the value of local exchanges within Renewable Energy Communities. If centralized coordination for flexible resources planning raises concerns regarding data privacy and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Thomas Stegen , Julien Allard , Noé Diffels , François Vallée , Mevludin Glavic , Zacharie De Grève , Bertrand Cornélusse

The reliability of the electric grid has in recent years become a larger concern for regulators, planners, and consumers due to several high-impact outage events, as well as the potential for even more impactful events in the future. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-03 Gabriel Mantegna , Ziting Huang , Guillaume Van Caelenberg , Bethany Frew , Muireann Lynch , Mark O'Malley

Flexible demand response (DR) resources can be leveraged to accommodate the stochasticity of some distributed energy resources. This paper develops an online learning approach that continuously estimates price sensitivities of residential…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Robert Mieth , Yury Dvorkin

The deepening of the penetration of renewable energy is challenging how power system operators cope with their associated variability and uncertainty. The inherent flexibility of dispathchable assets present in power systems, which is often…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Mohamed Awadalla , François Bouffard

Community microgrids are developed within existing power systems by integrating local distributed energy resources (DERs). So power distribution systems can be seamlessly partitioned into community microgrids and end-users could be largely…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-04 Chen Yuan , Guangyi Liu , Zhiwei Wang , Xi Chen , Mahesh S. Illindala
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