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A formal description of the compositionality of neural networks is associated directly with the formal grammar-structure of the objects it seeks to represent. This formal grammar-structure specifies the kind of components that make up an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Sai Raam Venkatraman , Ankit Anand , S. Balasubramanian , R. Raghunatha Sarma

Overparametrized Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success in a wide variety of domains too high-dimensional for classical shallow networks subject to the curse of dimensionality. However, open questions about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 David A. Danhofer , Davide D'Ascenzo , Rafael Dubach , Tomaso Poggio

Tree-structured recursive neural networks (TreeRNNs) for sentence meaning have been successful for many applications, but it remains an open question whether the fixed-length representations that they learn can support tasks as demanding as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-05-15 Samuel R. Bowman , Christopher Potts , Christopher D. Manning

In traditional software programs, it is easy to trace program logic from variables back to input, apply assertion statements to block erroneous behavior, and compose programs together. Although deep learning programs have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Mike Wu , Noah Goodman , Stefano Ermon

The ability to accurately represent sentences is central to language understanding. We describe a convolutional architecture dubbed the Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) that we adopt for the semantic modelling of sentences. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-04-09 Nal Kalchbrenner , Edward Grefenstette , Phil Blunsom

We introduce a neural network that represents sentences by composing their words according to induced binary parse trees. We use Tree-LSTM as our composition function, applied along a tree structure found by a fully differentiable natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Jean Maillard , Stephen Clark , Dani Yogatama

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for reinforcement learning (RL) have shown distinct advantages, e.g., solving memory-dependent tasks and meta-learning. However, little effort has been spent on improving RNN architectures and on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya , Jun Tani

The goal of sentence and document modeling is to accurately represent the meaning of sentences and documents for various Natural Language Processing tasks. In this work, we present Dependency Sensitive Convolutional Neural Networks (DSCNN)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Rui Zhang , Honglak Lee , Dragomir Radev

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) deliver impressive performance but their black-box nature limits deployment in high-stakes domains requiring transparency. We introduce Compositional Function Networks (CFNs), a novel framework that builds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Fang Li

The compositionality of meaning extends beyond the single sentence. Just as words combine to form the meaning of sentences, so do sentences combine to form the meaning of paragraphs, dialogues and general discourse. We introduce both a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-06-18 Nal Kalchbrenner , Phil Blunsom

Neural networks have become an increasingly popular tool for solving many real-world problems. They are a general framework for differentiable optimization which includes many other machine learning approaches as special cases. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Bruno Gavranović

The current understanding of deep neural networks can only partially explain how input structure, network parameters and optimization algorithms jointly contribute to achieve the strong generalization power that is typically observed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Francesco Craighero , Fabrizio Angaroni , Alex Graudenzi , Fabio Stella , Marco Antoniotti

When trained on language data, do transformers learn some arbitrary computation that utilizes the full capacity of the architecture or do they learn a simpler, tree-like computation, hypothesized to underlie compositional meaning systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shikhar Murty , Pratyusha Sharma , Jacob Andreas , Christopher D. Manning

The ability to continually learn, retain and deploy skills to accomplish goals is a key feature of intelligent and efficient behavior. However, the neural mechanisms facilitating the continual learning and flexible (re-)composition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Haozhe Shan , Sun Minni , Lea Duncker

This paper proposes a tree-based convolutional neural network (TBCNN) for discriminative sentence modeling. Our models leverage either constituency trees or dependency trees of sentences. The tree-based convolution process extracts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-03 Lili Mou , Hao Peng , Ge Li , Yan Xu , Lu Zhang , Zhi Jin

Neural networks are very powerful learning systems, but they do not readily generalize from one task to the other. This is partly due to the fact that they do not learn in a compositional way, that is, by discovering skills that are shared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Adam Liška , Germán Kruszewski , Marco Baroni

Deep neural networks have been proven powerful at processing perceptual data, such as images and audio. However for tabular data, tree-based models are more popular. A nice property of tree-based models is their natural interpretability. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Yongxin Yang , Irene Garcia Morillo , Timothy M. Hospedales

Can neural networks systematically capture discrete, compositional task structure despite their continuous, distributed nature? The impressive capabilities of large-scale neural networks suggest that the answer to this question is yes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Florian Redhardt , Yassir Akram , Simon Schug

In the last decade, deep artificial neural networks have achieved astounding performance in many natural language processing tasks. Given the high productivity of language, these models must possess effective generalization abilities. It is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Marco Baroni

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great success in computer vision, approaching human-level performance when trained for specific tasks via application-specific loss functions. In this paper, we propose a method for augmenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-15 Austin Stone , Huayan Wang , Michael Stark , Yi Liu , D. Scott Phoenix , Dileep George