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With the development of deep learning techniques and large scale datasets, the question answering (QA) systems have been quickly improved, providing more accurate and satisfying answers. However, current QA systems either focus on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Bingning Wang , Ting Yao , Weipeng Chen , Jingfang Xu , Xiaochuan Wang

While question answering (QA) with neural network, i.e. neural QA, has achieved promising results in recent years, lacking of large scale real-word QA dataset is still a challenge for developing and evaluating neural QA system. To alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-02 Peng Li , Wei Li , Zhengyan He , Xuguang Wang , Ying Cao , Jie Zhou , Wei Xu

Progress in cross-lingual modeling depends on challenging, realistic, and diverse evaluation sets. We introduce Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers (MKQA), an open-domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Shayne Longpre , Yi Lu , Joachim Daiber

We investigate the difficulty levels of questions in reading comprehension datasets such as SQuAD, and propose a new question generation setting, named Difficulty-controllable Question Generation (DQG). Taking as input a sentence in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yifan Gao , Lidong Bing , Wang Chen , Michael R. Lyu , Irwin King

Question answering (QA) tasks have been posed using a variety of formats, such as extractive span selection, multiple choice, etc. This has led to format-specialized models, and even to an implicit division in the QA community. We argue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Daniel Khashabi , Sewon Min , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Oyvind Tafjord , Peter Clark , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Every day, thousands of customers post questions on Amazon product pages. After some time, if they are fortunate, a knowledgeable customer might answer their question. Observing that many questions can be answered based upon the available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Mansi Gupta , Nitish Kulkarni , Raghuveer Chanda , Anirudha Rayasam , Zachary C Lipton

We present the results of the Machine Reading for Question Answering (MRQA) 2019 shared task on evaluating the generalization capabilities of reading comprehension systems. In this task, we adapted and unified 18 distinct question answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Adam Fisch , Alon Talmor , Robin Jia , Minjoon Seo , Eunsol Choi , Danqi Chen

Documents are fundamental to preserving and disseminating information, often incorporating complex layouts, tables, and charts that pose significant challenges for automatic document understanding (DU). While vision-language large models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Negar Foroutan , Angelika Romanou , Matin Ansaripour , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Karl Aberer , Rémi Lebret

Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in less-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Tomás Freitas Osório , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

As the development of academic conferences fosters global scholarly communication, researchers consistently need to obtain accurate and up-to-date information about academic conferences. Since the information is scattered, using an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zhiwei Huang , Juan Li , Long Jin , Junjie Wang , Mingchen Tu , Yin Hua , Zhiqiang Liu , Jiawei Meng , Wen Zhang

With the rise of large-scale pre-trained language models, open-domain question-answering (ODQA) has become an important research topic in NLP. Based on the popular pre-training fine-tuning approach, we posit that an additional in-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Patrick Huber , Armen Aghajanyan , Barlas Oğuz , Dmytro Okhonko , Wen-tau Yih , Sonal Gupta , Xilun Chen

The emergence of structured databases for Question Answering (QA) systems has led to developing methods, in which the problem of learning the correct answer efficiently is based on a linking task between the constituents of the question and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Hamid Zafar , Maryam Tavakol , Jens Lehmann

Most counting questions in visual question answering (VQA) datasets are simple and require no more than object detection. Here, we study algorithms for complex counting questions that involve relationships between objects, attribute…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Manoj Acharya , Kushal Kafle , Christopher Kanan

Recent success of deep learning models for the task of extractive Question Answering (QA) is hinged on the availability of large annotated corpora. However, large domain specific annotated corpora are limited and expensive to construct. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Bhuwan Dhingra , Danish Pruthi , Dheeraj Rajagopal

A large majority of American adults get at least some of their news from the Internet. Even though many online news products have the goal of informing their users about the news, they lack scalable and reliable tools for measuring how well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Adam D. Lelkes , Vinh Q. Tran , Cong Yu

Existing question answering datasets focus on dealing with homogeneous information, based either only on text or KB/Table information alone. However, as human knowledge is distributed over heterogeneous forms, using homogeneous information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Wenhu Chen , Hanwen Zha , Zhiyu Chen , Wenhan Xiong , Hong Wang , William Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing information retrieval, with chatbots becoming an important source for answering user queries. As by their design, LLMs prioritize generating correct answers, the value of highly plausible yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jamshid Mozafari , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) for question answering (QA), which aims to answer a question given the relevant context passages, is an important way to test the ability of intelligence systems to understand human language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Di Jin , Shuyang Gao , Jiun-Yu Kao , Tagyoung Chung , Dilek Hakkani-tur

Multimodal systems have great potential to assist humans in procedural activities, where people follow instructions to achieve their goals. Despite diverse application scenarios, systems are typically evaluated on traditional classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Kimihiro Hasegawa , Wiradee Imrattanatrai , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Masaki Asada , Susan Holm , Yuran Wang , Ken Fukuda , Teruko Mitamura

Popular QA benchmarks like SQuAD have driven progress on the task of identifying answer spans within a specific passage, with models now surpassing human performance. However, retrieving relevant answers from a huge corpus of documents is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Amin Ahmad , Noah Constant , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer