English
Related papers

Related papers: Necessity of eigenstate thermalization for equilib…

200 papers

Recently, there have been significant new insights concerning conditions under which closed systems equilibrate locally. The question if subsystems thermalize---if the equilibrium state is independent of the initial state---is however much…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-02 M. Cramer

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and the theory of linear response (LRT) are celebrated cornerstones of our understanding of the physics of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. While the ETH provides a generic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-29 Jonas Richter , Jochen Gemmer , Robin Steinigeweg

Prethermalization has been extensively studied in systems close to integrability. We propose a more general, yet conceptually simpler, setup for this phenomenon. We consider a---possibly nonintegrable---reference dynamics, weakly perturbed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-13 Krishnanand Mallayya , Marcos Rigol , Wojciech De Roeck

We review selected advances in the theoretical understanding of complex quantum many-body systems with regard to emergent notions of quantum statistical mechanics. We cover topics such as equilibration and thermalisation in pure state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 C. Gogolin , J. Eisert

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis explains thermalization in isolated quantum systems through the statistical properties of observables in the energy eigenbasis. We investigate the crossover from integrability to chaos in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Shivam Mishra , C Jisha , Ravi Prakash

We provide a pedagogical introduction to eigenstate thermalization. This phenomenon, which occurs in generic quantum systems, allows one to understand why thermalization takes place in isolated systems under unitary dynamics. We motivate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Rohit Patil , Marcos Rigol

Local observables and their translationally invariant counterparts are generally thought as providing the same predictions for experimental measurements. This is used in the context of their expectation values, which are indeed the same in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Rohit Patil , Marcos Rigol

Quantum thermalization describes how closed quantum systems can effectively reach thermal equilibrium, resolving the apparent incongruity between the reversibility of Schr\"odinger's equation and the second law of thermodynamics. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Saúl Pilatowsky-Cameo , Soonwon Choi

It is believed that thermalization in closed systems of interacting particles can occur only when the eigenstates are fully delocalized and chaotic in the preferential (unperturbed) basis of the total Hamiltonian. Here we demonstrate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Fausto Borgonovi , Felix M. Izrailev

Deriving conditions under which a macroscopic system thermalizes directly from the underlying quantum many-body dynamics of its microscopic constituents is a long-standing challenge in theoretical physics. The well-known eigenstate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-02 Lennart Dabelow , Patrick Vorndamme , Peter Reimann

We propose a generalization of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis accounting for the emergence of symmetry-breaking phases. It consists of two conditions that any system with a degenerate spectrum must fulfill in order to thermalize.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Sebastián Gómez , Ángel L. Corps , Armando Relaño

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis provides a framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems by characterizing statistical properties of local observables in energy eigenstates. Here we demonstrate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-11 Pavel Orlov , Rustem Sharipov , Enej Ilievski

Nonequilibrium dynamics of a nonintegrable system without the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is studied. It is shown that, in the thermodynamic limit, this model thermalizes after an arbitrary quantum quench at finite temperature,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-09-06 Takashi Mori , Naoto Shiraishi

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a powerful framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems, yet a complete and conceptually transparent derivation has remained elusive. In this work,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Yucheng Wang

A large class of isolated quantum system in a pure state can equilibrate and serve as a heat bath. We show that once the equilibrium is reached, any of its subsystems that is much smaller than the isolated system is thermalized such that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-06-13 Quntao Zhuang , Biao Wu

Experiments with trapped atomic gases have opened novel possibilities for studying the evolution of nonequilibrium finite quantum systems, which revived the necessity of reconsidering and developing the theory of such processes. This review…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-01-16 V. I. Yukalov

We study whether a generic isolated quantum system initially set out of equilibrium can be considered as localized close to its initial state. Our approach considers the time evolution in the Krylov basis, which maps the dynamics onto that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-22 Youssef Aziz Alaoui , Bruno Laburthe-Tolra

In an isolated quantum many-body system undergoing unitary evolution, we study the thermalization of a subsystem, treating the rest of the system as a bath. In this setting, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) was proposed to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-30 Aram W. Harrow , Yichen Huang

A plausible mechanism of thermalization in isolated quantum systems is based on the strong version of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which states that all the energy eigenstates in the microcanonical energy shell have…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-23 Toru Yoshizawa , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

We discuss how the thermalization of an elementary quantum system is modified when the system is placed in an environment out of thermal equilibrium. To this aim we provide a detailed investigation of the dynamics of an atomic system placed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-16 Bruno Bellomo , Riccardo Messina , Didier Felbacq , Mauro Antezza