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The discrepancy between dynamical mass measures of objects such as galaxies and the observed distribution of luminous matter in the universe is typically explained by invoking an unseen ``dark matter'' component. Dark matter must…
Although many astrophysical and cosmological observations point towards the existence of Dark Matter (DM), the nature of the DM particle has not been clarified to date. In this paper, we investigate a minimal model with a vector DM (VDM)…
We have recently presented an extension of the standard variational calculus to include the presence of deformed derivatives in the Lagrangian of a system of particles and in the Lagrangian density of field-theoretic models. Classical…
We present a comprehensive investigation of cosmological constraints on the class of vector field formulations of modified gravity called Generalized Einstein-Aether models. Using linear perturbation theory we generate cosmic microwave…
There are a variety of cosmological models for dark matter and dark energy in which a possible interaction is considered between these two significant components of the universe. We focus on five suggested models of interacting dark matter…
Using a generalized procedure for obtaining the equation of motion of a propagating fermionic particle, we examine previous claims for a lightlike preferred axis embedded in the framework of Lorentz-invariance violation with preserved…
The virial expansion characterizes the high-temperature approach to the quantum-classical crossover in any quantum many-body system. Here, we calculate the virial coefficients up to the fifth-order of Fermi gases in 1D, 2D, and 3D, with…
The relationship between 2D $SO(2,1)$ conformal anomalies in nonrelativistic systems and the virial expansion is explored using recently developed path-integral methods. In the process, the Beth-Uhlenbeck formula for the shift of the second…
We consider a chiral gauge theory from which light composite Dirac neutrinos dynamically emerge, augmented by a QCD axion to solve the strong CP problem. We show that an interplay between the composite sector and the axion can also…
In a recent paper, Erik Verlinde has developed the interesting possibility that spacetime and gravity may emerge from the entangled structure of an underlying microscopic theory. In this picture, dark matter arises as a response to the…
I describe a tensor-vector-scalar theory that reconciles the galaxy scale success of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) with the cosmological scale evidence for CDM. The theory provides a cosmological basis for MOND in the sense that the…
Based on Maxwellian quaternionic electromagnetic theory, the electromagnetic interaction, gravitational interaction and their coupling influence with the dark matter field in octonionic space are discussed. The research results disclose the…
We develop two new variants of alternating direction methods of multipliers (ADMM) and two parallel primal-dual decomposition algorithms to solve a wide range class of constrained convex optimization problems. Our approach relies on a novel…
The equation of motion in the generally covariant modified gravity (MOG) theory leads for weak gravitational fields and the non-relativistic limit to a modification of the Newtonian gravitational acceleration law, expressed in terms of two…
Hidden theories coupled to the SM may provide emergent (dark) vectors, that are composites/bound-states of the hidden fields. This is motivated by paradigms emerging from the AdS/CFT correspondence but it is a more general phenomenon. We…
The empirical scaling relations observed in disk galaxies remain challenging for models of galaxy formation. The most striking among these is the Mass Discrepancy-Acceleration Relation (MDAR), which encodes both a tight baryonic…
Discrete mechanics is used to present fluid mechanics, fluid-structure interactions, electromagnetism and optical physics in a coherent theoretical and numerical approach. Acceleration considered as an absolute quantity is written as a sum…
The increasing observational pressure on the standard cosmological model motivates analyses going beyond the paradigm of the collision-less cold dark matter (DM). Since the only clear evidence for the existence of DM is based on…
The linear response is investigated in a long-range Hamiltonian system from the view point of dynamics, which is described by the Vlasov equation in the limit of large population. Due to existence of the Casimir invariants of the Vlasov…
We study the impact of general disformal metric transformations on fermions, which shift the gravitational metric by an additional rank-2 tensor. This tensor can in principle be constructed from scalar-field gradients, vector fields, or…