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The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a widely used method for data assimilation in high-dimensional systems, with an ensemble update step equivalent to an empirical version of the Matheron update popular in Gaussian process regression -- a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Dan MacKinlay

We propose a new algorithm for an adaptive optics system control law which allows to reduce the computational burden in the case of an Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and to deal with non-stationary behaviors of the turbulence. This…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Morgan Gray , Cyril Petit , Sergey Rodionov , Laurent Bertino , Marc Bocquet , Thierry Fusco

Data assimilation (DA) for compressible flows with shocks is challenging because many classical DA methods generate spurious oscillations and nonphysical features near uncertain shocks. We focus here on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). We…

The Ensemble Kalman filter assumes the observations to be Gaussian random variables with a pre-specified mean and variance. In practice, observations may also have detection limits, for instance when a gauge has a minimum or maximum value.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-14 Abhishek Shah , Mohamad El Gharamti , Laurent Bertino

This paper investigates an approximation scheme of the optimal nonlinear Bayesian filter based on the Gaussian mixture representation of the state probability distribution function. The resulting filter is similar to the particle filter,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-05-30 Ibrahim Hoteit , Xiaodong Luo , Dinh-Tuan Pham

The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) was introduced by Evensen in 1994 [10] as a novel method for data assimilation: state estimation for noisily observed time-dependent problems. Since that time it has had enormous impact in many application…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-04-08 Marco A. Iglesias , Kody J. H. Law , Andrew M. Stuart

Ensemble transform Kalman filtering (ETKF) data assimilation is often used to combine available observations with numerical simulations to obtain statistically accurate and reliable state representations in dynamical systems. However, it is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-07 Tongtong Li , Anne Gelb , Yoonsang Lee

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a reliable data assimilation tool for high-dimensional meteorological problems. On the other hand, the EnKF can be interpreted as a particle filter, and particle filters collapse in high-dimensional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-06-01 Matthias Morzfeld , Daniel Hodyss , Chris Snyder

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a Monte Carlo based implementation of the Kalman filter (KF) for extremely high-dimensional, possibly nonlinear and non-Gaussian state estimation problems. Its ability to handle state dimensions in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-12 Michael Roth , Gustaf Hendeby , Carsten Fritsche , Fredrik Gustafsson

We present a new type of the EnKF for data assimilation in spatial models that uses diagonal approximation of the state covariance in the wavelet space to achieve adaptive localization. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated on an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-03-01 Jonathan D. Beezley , Jan Mandel , Loren Cobb

The ensemble Kalman filter is a well-known and celebrated data assimilation algorithm. It is of particular relevance as it used for high-dimensional problems, by updating an ensemble of particles through a sample mean and covariance…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Neil K. Chada

Data assimilation provides algorithms for widespread applications in various fields. It is of practical use to deal with a large amount of information in the complex system that is hard to estimate. Weather forecasting is one of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Yihua Yang

This paper develops efficient ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) implementations based on shrinkage covariance estimation. The forecast ensemble members at each step are used to estimate the background error covariance matrix via the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-03 Elias D. Nino-Ruiz , Adrian Sandu

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular technique for performing inference in state-space models (SSMs), particularly when the dynamic process is high-dimensional. Unlike reweighting methods such as sequential Monte Carlo (SMC, i.e.…

Data assimilation (DA) aims to optimally combine model forecasts and observations that are both partial and noisy. Multi-model DA generalizes the variational or Bayesian formulation of the Kalman filter, and we prove that it is also the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-23 Eviatar Bach , Michael Ghil

Ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) methods have become increasingly popular due to their inherent ability to address nonlinear dynamic problems. However, these methods often face a trade-off between analysis accuracy and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhilin Li , Zhou Yao , Xianglong Li , Zeng Liu , Zhaokuan Lu , Shanlin Xu , Seungnam Kim , Guangyao Wang

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is widely used for data assimilation in high-dimensional systems, but its performance often deteriorates for strongly nonlinear dynamics due to the structural mismatch between the Kalman update and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xin T. Tong , Yanyan Wang , Liang Yan

The intersection between classical data assimilation methods and novel machine learning techniques has attracted significant interest in recent years. Here we explore another promising solution in which diffusion models are used to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Feng Bao , Hristo G. Chipilski , Siming Liang , Guannan Zhang , Jeffrey S. Whitaker

In this paper, we introduce a new, local formulation of the ensemble Kalman Filter approach for atmospheric data assimilation. Our scheme is based on the hypothesis that, when the Earth's surface is divided up into local regions of moderate…

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a method for combining a dynamical model with data in a sequential fashion. Despite its widespread use, there has been little analysis of its theoretical properties. Many of the algorithmic innovations…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-17 D. T. B. Kelly , K. J. H. Law , A. M. Stuart