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Most neural solvers for the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) are trained to output a single solution, even though practitioners rarely stop there: at test time, they routinely spend extra compute on sampling or post-hoc search. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic and extensively studied problem with numerous real-world applications in artificial intelligence and operations research. It is well-known that TSP admits a constant approximation ratio on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jingyang Zhao , Zimo Sheng , Mingyu Xiao

One of the most studied extensions of the famous Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is the {\sc Multiple TSP}: a set of $m\geq 1$ salespersons collectively traverses a set of $n$ cities by $m$ non-trivial tours, to minimize the total…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Max Deppert , Matthias Kaul , Matthias Mnich

With applications to many disciplines, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a classical computer science optimization problem with applications to industrial engineering, theoretical computer science, bioinformatics, and several other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Yihui He , Ming Xiang

We give a polynomial time, $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm for the traveling repairman problem (TRP) in the Euclidean plane and on weighted trees. This improves on the known quasi-polynomial time approximation schemes for these…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-22 René Sitters

Prize-Collecting TSP is a variant of the traveling salesperson problem where one may drop vertices from the tour at the cost of vertex-dependent penalties. The quality of a solution is then measured by adding the length of the tour and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jannis Blauth , Nathan Klein , Martin Nägele

In this paper, we will propose convex layers to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Firstly, we will focus on human performance on the TSP. Experimental data shows that untrained humans appear to have the ability to perform well in the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Sing Liew

We analyze two classic variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem using the toolkit of fine-grained complexity. Our first set of results is motivated by the Bitonic TSP problem: given a set of $n$ points in the plane, compute a shortest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Mark de Berg , Kevin Buchin , Bart M. P. Jansen , Gerhard Woeginger

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space is among the oldest and most famous NP-hard optimization problems. In breakthrough works, Arora [J. ACM 1998] and Mitchell [SICOMP 1999] gave the first polynomial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Tobias Mömke , Hang Zhou

We show that the problem of counting the number of 2-optimal tours in instances of the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) on complete graphs is #P-complete. In addition, we show that the expected number of 2-optimal tours in random…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Bodo Manthey , Jesse van Rhijn

We show a lower bound for the universal traveling salesman heuristic on the plane: for any linear order on the unit square $[0,1]^2$, there are finite subsets $S \subset [0,1]^2$ of arbitrarily large size such that the path visiting each…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Cosmas Kravaris

An important variant of the classic Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is the Dynamic TSP, in which a system with dynamic constraints is tasked with visiting a set of n target locations (in any order) in the shortest amount of time. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Aviv Adler , Oren Gal , Sertac Karaman

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a challenging graph task in combinatorial optimization that requires reasoning about both local node neighborhoods and global graph structure. In this paper, we propose to use the novel Graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Amal Nammouchi , Hakim Ghazzai , Yehia Massoud

In the Tree Augmentation problem we are given a tree $T=(V,F)$ and a set $E \subseteq V \times V$ of edges with positive integer costs $\{c_e:e \in E\}$. The goal is to augment $T$ by a minimum cost edge set $J \subseteq E$ such that $T…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Zeev Nutov

We introduce a fast, quasi-linear-time heuristic for the Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP), a continuous generalization of the Euclidean TSP in which each target is a disk that must be intersected. The method adapts the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Khoi Duong

This paper introduces a new formulation that finds the optimum for the Moving-Target Traveling Salesman Problem (MT-TSP), which seeks to find a shortest path for an agent, that starts at a depot, visits a set of moving targets exactly once…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Allen George Philip , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

This article describes counter example prepared in order to prove that linear formulation of TSP problem proposed in [arXiv:0803.4354] is incorrect (it applies also to QAP problem formulation in [arXiv:0802.4307]). Article refers not only…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-02 Radoslaw Hofman

For many problems, the important instances from practice possess certain structure that one should reflect in the design of specific algorithms. As data reduction is an important and inextricable part of today's computation, we employ one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Václav Blažej , Pratibha Choudhary , Dušan Knop , Šimon Schierreich , Ondřej Suchý , Tomáš Valla

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem widely studied in operations research. Despite its simple formulation, it remains computationally challenging due to the exponential growth of the search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

In the multiway cut problem, we are given an undirected graph with non-negative edge weights and a collection of $k$ terminal nodes, and the goal is to partition the node set of the graph into $k$ non-empty parts each containing exactly one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Kristóf Bérczi , Karthekeyan Chandrasekaran , Tamás Király , Vivek Madan