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Quantum repeaters have promised efficient scaling of quantum networks for over two decades. Despite numerous platforms proclaiming functional repeaters, the realization of large-scale networks remains elusive, indicating that the resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Manik Dawar , Ralf Riedinger , Nilesh Vyas , Paulo Mendes

We study entanglement creation over global distances based on a quantum repeater architecture that uses low-earth orbit satellites equipped with entangled photon sources, as well as ground stations equipped with quantum non-demolition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 K. Boone , J. -P. Bourgoin , E. Meyer-Scott , K. Heshami , T. Jennewein , C. Simon

Quantum computing and quantum communication, have been greatly developed in recent years and expected to contribute to quantum internet technologies, including cloud quantum computing and unconditionally secure communication. However,…

Recently, Briegel et al. present a quantum repeaters protocol using nest entanglement purification for long distance quantum communication(Physical Review Letters \textbf{81},5932). In this paper we present a modified scheme for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-24 Chuan Wang , Rong-Zhen Jiao , Hai-Qiang Ma , Yong Zhang , Li Yu

Entanglement distillation has many applications in quantum information processing and is an important tool for improving the quality and efficiency of quantum communication, cryptography, computing, and simulation. We propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Dan Xu , Changjia Chen , Brian T. Kirby , Li Qian

Quantum key distribution allows for the generation of a secret key between distant parties connected by a quantum channel such as optical fibre or free space. Unfortunately, the rate of generation of a secret key by direct transmission is…

The goal of an entanglement distillation protocol is to convert large quantities of noisy entangled states into a smaller number of high-fidelity Bell pairs. The celebrated one-way hashing method is one such protocol, and it is known for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Thomas A. Hahn , Ryan White , Hannes Bernien , Rotem Arnon

Existing quantum cryptography is resistant against secrecy-breaking quantum computers but suffers fast decay of the signal at long distances. The various types of repeaters of propagating quantum states have been developed to meet the…

In the absence of quantum repeaters, quantum communication proved to be nearly impossible across optical fibres longer than $\gtrsim 20\text{ km}$ due to the drop of transmissivity below the critical threshold of $1/2$. However, if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Francesco Anna Mele , Ludovico Lami , Vittorio Giovannetti

A long standing goal for quantum communication is to transfer a quantum state over arbitrary distances. Free-space quantum communication provides a promising solution towards this challenging goal. Here, through a 97-km free space channel,…

Realizing large-scale quantum networks requires the generation of high-fidelity quantum entanglement states between remote quantum nodes, a key resource for quantum communication, distributed computation and sensing applications. However,…

We propose a scheme for fault-tolerant long-range entanglement generation at the ends of a rectangular array of qubits of length $R$ and a square cross section of size $d\times d$ with $d=O(\log R)$. Up to an efficiently computable Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Shin Ho Choe , Robert Koenig

Quantum information degrades over distance due to the unavoidable imperfections of the transmission channels, with loss as the leading factor. This simple fact hinders quantum communication, as it relies on propagating quantum systems. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-29 Filippo M. Miatto , Michael Epping , Norbert Lutkenhaus

Measurement-based quantum repeaters employ entanglement distillation and swapping across links using locally prepared resource states of minimal size and local Bell measurements. In this Letter, we introduce a systematic protocol for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Yu Shi , Ashlesha Patil , Saikat Guha

Feasible distribution of quantum entanglement over long distances remains a fundamental step towards quantum secure communication and quantum network implementations. Quantum repeater nodes based on quantum memories promise to overcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-17 Michał Lipka , Mateusz Mazelanik , Michał Parniak

We present a physical- and link-level design for the creation of entangled pairs to be used in quantum repeater applications where one can control the noise level of the initially distributed pairs. The system can tune dynamically, trading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 W. J. Munro , R. Van Meter , Sebastien G. R. Louis , Kae Nemoto

Machine learning can help us in solving problems in the context big data analysis and classification, as well as in playing complex games such as Go. But can it also be used to find novel protocols and algorithms for applications such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-18 Julius Wallnöfer , Alexey A. Melnikov , Wolfgang Dür , Hans J. Briegel

A promising quantum computing architecture comprises modules of superconducting quantum processors linked via optical channels using quantum transducers. As quantum transducer hardware improves, a need has arisen to understand the…

Entanglement distillation is an indispensable ingredient in extended quantum communication networks. Distillation protocols are necessarily non-deterministic and require advanced experimental techniques such as noiseless amplification.…

The problem of sharing entanglement over large distances is crucial for implementations of quantum cryptography. A possible scheme for long-distance entanglement sharing and quantum communication exploits networks whose nodes share…