Related papers: Line Operators in the Standard Model

We discuss the $SU(3)/[U(1)\times U(1)]$ nonlinear sigma model in 1+1D and, more broadly, its linearized counterparts. Such theories can be expressed as $U(1)\times U(1)$ gauge theories and therefore allow for two topological…

We calculate the order \lambda, \lambda^2 and \lambda y^2 terms of the 59 x 59 one-loop anomalous dimension matrix of dimension-six operators, where \lambda and y are the Standard Model Higgs self-coupling and a generic Yukawa coupling,…

Motivated by the possible di-gamma resonance at 750 GeV, we present a basis of effective operators for the Standard Model plus a scalar singlet at dimensions 5, 6, and 7. We point out that an earlier list at dimensions 5 and 6 contains two…

The group SU(3) is parameterized in terms of generalized ``Euler angles''. The differential operators of SU(3) corresponding to the Lie Algebra elements are obtained, the invariant forms are found, the group invariant volume element is…

The gauge field term in the Standard Model Lagrangian is slightly rewritten, suggesting that the three gauge couplings have absorbed factors which depend on the dimensions of the corresponding gauge groups. The ratios of the physical…

We motivate and explore the possibility that extra SU(N) gauge groups may exist independently of the Standard Model groups, yet not be subgroups of some grand unified group. We study the running of the coupling constants as a potential…

We consider generalizations of the standard model (SM) which are based on the gauge symmetry $SU(n)_c\otimes SU(m)_L\otimes U(1)_N$. Although the most interesting possibilities occur when $n=3$, we will consider also the cases $n=4,5$ both…

We study a $2{+}1$D lattice gauge theory with fundamental representation scalar fields which has both Higgs and confining regimes with a spontaneously-broken $U(1)$ $0$-form symmetry. We show that the Higgs and confining regimes may be…

The inconsistence of Dirac-Weyl field equations with the universal U(1) gauge invariance of neutrinos in quantum mechanics led to generalize the special relativity to the generic relativity, which was composed of the special relativity and…

We construct a gauge field model based on $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)_Y \times \pi_4(SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)_Y) $ from the principle that both the original gauge group $G_{YM}$ and the discrete group $\pi_4(G_{YM})$ should be…

We introduce an effort to catalog the gauge-invariant interactions of Standard Model (SM) particles and new fields in a variety of representations of the SM color gauge group $\text{SU}(3)_{\text{c}}$. In this first installment, we direct…

We derive gauge covariant self-dual equations for the $SU(2) \times U(1)_Y$ theory of electro-weak interactions and show that they admit solutions describing a periodic lattice of Z-strings.} \newpage

We carry a systematic study of possible extensions of the standard model based on the gauge group SU(3)_c X SU(4)_L X U(1)_X. We consider both models with particles with exotic electric charges and models which do not contain exotic…

We consider a gauge extension of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model based on the group G_2 x SU(2)x U(1). The exceptional group G_2 is the smallest rank two group that contains SU(3) as a subgroup; the SU(3) prediction sin^2…

The pattern of deviations from Standard Model predictions and couplings is different for theories of new physics based on a non-linear realization of the $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge symmetry breaking and those assuming a linear…

We analyze approaches to the partial or complete unification of gauge symmetries in theories with dynamical symmetry breaking. Several types of models are considered, including those that (i) involve sufficient unification to quantize…

In this paper, we prove the existence of a particular diagonalization for normal bounded operators defined on subspaces of $L^2(\mathfrak{S})$ where $\mathfrak{S}$ is a second countable LCA group. The subspaces where the operators act are…

Based on a canonically derived path integral formalism, we demonstrate that the perturbative calculation of the matrix element for gauge dependent operators has crucial difference from that for gauge invariant ones. For a gauge dependent…

We search for the three-generation standard-like and/or Pati-Salam models from the $SO(32)$ heterotic string theory on smooth, quotient complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds with multiple line bundles, each with structure group…

New physics realized above the electroweak scale can be encoded in a model independent way in the Wilson coefficients of higher dimensional operators which are invariant under the Standard Model gauge group. In this article, we study the…