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The key for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation lies in maintaining the coherence of all qubits so that high-fidelity and robust quantum manipulations on them can be achieved. One of the promising approaches is to use geometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Sai Li , Zheng-Yuan Xue

Arbitrarily accurate fault-tolerant (FT) universal quantum computation can be carried out using the Clifford gates Z, S, CNOT plus the non-Clifford T gate. Moreover, a recent improvement of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem by Kuperberg implies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 H. F. Chau

Large-scale quantum computation requires to be performed in the fault-tolerant manner. One crucial challenge of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is reducing the overhead of implementing logical gates. Recently work proposed…

Transversal gates on quantum error correction codes have been a promising approach for fault-tolerant quantum computing, but are limited by the Eastin-Knill no-go theorem. Existing solutions like gate teleportation and magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Yingkai Ouyang , Yumang Jing , Gavin K. Brennen

Physical implementation of scalable quantum architectures faces an immense challenge in form of fragile quantum states. To overcome it, quantum architectures with fault tolerance is desirable. This is achieved currently by using surface…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Laxmidhar Biswal , Debjyoti Bhattacharjee , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Hafizur Rahaman

This is a comprehensive review on fault-tolerant topological quantum computation with the surface codes. The basic concepts and useful tools underlying fault-tolerant quantum computation, such as universal quantum computation, stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-08 Keisuke Fujii

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

We develop a topological theory for fault-tolerant quantum computation in quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. We show that there exist hidden simplicial or CW complex structures encoding the topological data for all qLDPC and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Guanyu Zhu

One of the key challenges in quantum information is coherently manipulating the quantum state. However, it is an outstanding question whether control can be realized with low error. Only gates from the Clifford group -- containing $\pi$,…

We introduce a low-overhead approach for detecting errors in arbitrary Clifford circuits on arbitrary qubit connectivities. Our method is based on the framework of spacetime codes, and is particularly suited to near-term hardware since it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Simon Martiel , Ali Javadi-Abhari

For universal quantum computation, a major challenge to overcome for practical implementation is the large amount of resources required for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. An important aspect is implementing arbitrary unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Gary J. Mooney , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

We introduce a family of scalable planar fault-tolerant circuits that implement logical non-Clifford operations on a 2D color code, such as a logical $T$ gate or a logical non-Pauli measurement that prepares a magic $|T\rangle$ state. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Andreas Bauer , Julio C. Magdalena de la Fuente

The Clifford$+T$ gate set is commonly used to perform universal quantum computation. In such setup the $T$ gate is typically much more expensive to implement in a fault-tolerant way than Clifford gates. To improve the feasibility of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Vivien Vandaele , Simon Martiel , Simon Perdrix , Christophe Vuillot

The implementation of fault-tolerant quantum gates on encoded logic qubits is considered. It is shown that transversal implementation of logic gates based on simple geometric control ideas is problematic for realistic physical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 R. Nigmatullin , S. G. Schirmer

Trapped ions as one of the most promising quantum-information-processing platforms, yet conventional entangling gates mediated by collective motion remain slow and difficult to scale. Exciting trapped ions to high-lying electronic Rydberg…

A scalable and programmable quantum computer holds the potential to solve computationally intensive tasks that classical computers cannot accomplish within a reasonable time frame, achieving quantum advantage. However, the vulnerability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Younghun Kim , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes offer a promising route to scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation with constant overhead. Recent advancements have shown that qLDPC codes can outperform the quantum memory capability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Jens Niklas Eberhardt , Vincent Steffan

We present a new graphical calculus that is sound and complete for a universal family of quantum circuits, which can be seen as the natural string-diagrammatic extension of the approximately (real-valued) universal family of Hadamard+CCZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Miriam Backens , Aleks Kissinger

We propose a universal gate set for quantum computing with all-to-all connectivity and intrinsic robustness to bit-flip errors based on parity encoding. We show that logical controlled phase gate and $R_z$ rotations can be implemented in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 Michael Fellner , Anette Messinger , Kilian Ender , Wolfgang Lechner

The surface code is currently the leading proposal to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation. Among its strengths are the plethora of known ways in which fault-tolerant Clifford operations can be performed, namely, by deforming the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-26 Benjamin J. Brown , Katharina Laubscher , Markus S. Kesselring , James R. Wootton