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For a fixed graph H, the function #IndSub(H,*) maps graphs G to the count of induced H-copies in G; this function obviously "counts something" in that it has a combinatorial interpretation. Linear combinations of such functions are called…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Markus Bläser , Radu Curticapean , Julian Dörfler , Christian Ikenmeyer

We study the problems of counting the homomorphisms, counting the copies, and counting the induced copies of a $k$-vertex graph $H$ in a $d$-degenerate $n$-vertex graph $G$. Our main result establishes exhaustive and explicit complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Marco Bressan , Marc Roth

Subgraph and homomorphism counting are fundamental algorithmic problems. Given a constant-sized pattern graph $H$ and a large input graph $G$, we wish to count the number of $H$-homomorphisms/subgraphs in $G$. Given the massive sizes of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Daniel Paul-Pena , C. Seshadhri

Counting homomorphisms from a graph $H$ into another graph $G$ is a fundamental problem of (parameterized) counting complexity theory. In this work, we study the case where \emph{both} graphs $H$ and $G$ stem from given classes of graphs:…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Marc Roth , Philip Wellnitz

Given graphs $H$ and $G$, possibly with vertex-colors, a homomorphism is a function $f:V(H)\to V(G)$ that preserves colors and edges. Many interesting counting problems (e.g., subgraph and induced subgraph counts) are finite linear…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Radu Curticapean

We study the problem of counting the number of homomorphisms from an input graph $G$ to a fixed (quantum) graph $\bar{H}$ in any finite field of prime order $\mathbb{Z}_p$. The subproblem with graph $H$ was introduced by Faben and Jerrum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-19 J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski , Andreas Göbel , Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich

We present a framework for the complexity classification of parameterized counting problems that can be formulated as the summation over the numbers of homomorphisms from small pattern graphs H_1,...,H_l to a big host graph G with the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Marc Roth

Many natural combinatorial quantities can be expressed by counting the number of homomorphisms to a fixed relational structure. For example, the number of 3-colorings of an undirected graph $G$ is equal to the number of homomorphisms from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Hubie Chen

We study the problems of counting copies and induced copies of a small pattern graph $H$ in a large host graph $G$. Recent work fully classified the complexity of those problems according to structural restrictions on the patterns $H$. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Marco Bressan , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Kitty Meeks , Marc Roth

Counting homomorphisms of a constant sized pattern graph $H$ in an input graph $G$ is a fundamental computational problem. There is a rich history of studying the complexity of this problem, under various constraints on the input $G$ and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Suman K. Bera , Noujan Pashanasangi , C. Seshadhri

Counting the number of homomorphisms of a pattern graph H in a large input graph G is a fundamental problem in computer science. There are myriad applications of this problem in databases, graph algorithms, and network science. Often, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Daniel Paul-Pena , C. Seshadhri

Applied researchers often construct a network from a random sample of nodes in order to infer properties of the parent network. Two of the most widely used sampling schemes are subgraph sampling, where we sample each vertex independently…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-23 Jason M. Klusowski , Yihong Wu

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of graphlets to heterogeneous networks called typed graphlets. Informally, typed graphlets are small typed induced subgraphs. Typed graphlets generalize graphlets to rich heterogeneous networks…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ryan A. Rossi , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Aldo Carranza , David Arbour , Anup Rao , Sungchul Kim , Eunyee Koh

Many real-world applications give rise to large heterogeneous networks where nodes and edges can be of any arbitrary type (e.g., user, web page, location). Special cases of such heterogeneous graphs include homogeneous graphs, bipartite,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Ryan A. Rossi , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Aldo Carranza , David Arbour , Anup Rao , Sungchul Kim , Eunyee Koh

We address the problem of computing the distribution of induced connected subgraphs, aka \emph{graphlets} or \emph{motifs}, in large graphs. The current state-of-the-art algorithms estimate the motif counts via uniform sampling, by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Marco Bressan , Stefano Leucci , Alessandro Panconesi

A large body of work has investigated the properties of graph neural networks and identified several limitations, particularly pertaining to their expressive power. Their inability to count certain patterns (e.g., cycles) in a graph lies at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Emily Jin , Michael Bronstein , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Matthias Lanzinger

Given a graph property $\Phi$, the problem $\#\mathsf{IndSub}(\Phi)$ asks, on input a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, to compute the number of induced subgraphs of size $k$ in $G$ that satisfy $\Phi$. The search for explicit criteria…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Marc Roth , Johannes Schmitt , Philip Wellnitz

Given two (di)graphs G, H and a cost function $c:V(G)\times V(H) \to \mathbb{Q}_{\geq 0}\cup\{+\infty\}$, in the minimum cost homomorphism problem, MinHOM(H), goal is finding a homomorphism $f:V(G)\to V(H)$ (a.k.a H-coloring) that minimizes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Akbar Rafiey , Arash Rafiey , Thiago Santos

Counting small patterns in a large dataset is a fundamental algorithmic task. The most common version of this task is subgraph/homomorphism counting, wherein we count the number of occurrences of a small pattern graph $H$ in an input graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daniel Paul-Pena , C. Seshadhri

Subgraph Isomorphism is a very basic graph problem, where given two graphs $G$ and $H$ one is to check whether $G$ is a subgraph of $H$. Despite its simple definition, the Subgraph Isomorphism problem turns out to be very broad, as it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Marek Cygan , Jakub Pachocki , Arkadiusz Socała
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