Related papers: The breaking of flavor democracy in the quark sect…
We investigate the symmetry breaking pattern of the democratic mass matrix model, which leads to the small flavor mixing in quark sector and bi-large mixing in lepton sector. We present the symmetry breaking matrices in quark sector which…
Flavor democracy broken in the fermion mass matrix by means of small perturbations can give rise to hierarchical fermion masses. We study the breaking of the $S^L_3 \times S^R_3$ symmetry associated with democratic mass matrices to a…
I argue that flavor democracy should not be considered as a "mere" assumption, but rather a fact that is inherent where there is hierarchy of quark masses. Briefly the crux of the argument is the ambiguity of defining a basis when one…
The observed hierarchy of the quark masses is interpreted as a signal for an underlying ``subnuclear democracy'' as the relevant symmetry of the quark mass terms. A simple breaking of the symmetry leads to a mixing between the second and…
If the hierarchy of quark masses comes out of simultaneous dynamical chiral and flavor symmetry breakings, it is inevitably accompanied by the flavor mixing. Therefore, these phenomena, independent in the standard model and in many of its…
The democratic mass matrix is an intriguing possibility for explaining the observed fermion mixings due to its inherent hierarchical mass eigenvalues and large mixing angles. Nevertheless, two of the three mass eigenvalues are zero if the…
The exact democratic structure for the quark mass matrix, resulting from the action of the family symmetry group $A_{3L}\times A_{3R}$, is broken by the vaccum expectation values of heavy singlet fields appearing in non renormalizable…
A simple breaking of the subnuclear democracy of the quarks leads to a mixing between the second and the third family, in agrement with observation. Introducing the mixing between the first and the second family, one finds an interesting…
It is argued with the help of an illustrative model, that the inter--species hierarchy among the fermion masses and the quark mixing angles can be accommodated naturally in the standard model with (approximate) flavor democracy provided…
Based on experimental mass hierarchy, a set of flavor-democratic (FD) quark mass matrices at low energies is discussed. The model predicts CP violation parameters $J_{CP}=(0.3 \pm 0.2) 10^{-4}$ and ${\epsilon'/\epsilon} = (0.6 \pm 0.5)…
It is possible that the hierarchy in the masses and mixing of quarks is a result of a horizontal symmetry. The smallness of various parameters is related to their suppression by high powers of a scale of new physics. We analyze in detail…
We explore a flavor structure of quarks in the standard model under the assumption that flavor symmetries exist in a theory beyond the standard model, and chase after their properties, using a bottom-up approach. We reacknowledge that a…
The smallness of the quark sector parameters and the hierarchy between them could be the result of a horizontal symmetry broken by a small parameter. Such an explicitly broken symmetry can arise from an exact symmetry which is spontaneously…
A ${\cal G}_{\cal F}=SU(3)_{Q}\times SU(3)_{u}\times SU(3)_{d}$ invariant scalar potential breaking spontaneously the quark flavor symmetry can explain the standard model flavor puzzle. The approximate alignment in flavor space of the…
We impose $O(3)_L\times O(3)_R$ flavor symmetry in the supersymmetric standard model. Three lepton doublets $\ell_i$ transform as an $O(3)_L$ triplet and three charged leptons $\bar e_i$ as an $O(3)_R$ triplet, while Higgs doublets $H$ and…
The flavor democracy hypothesis was introduced in seventies taking in mind three Standard Model (SM) families. Later, this idea was disfavored by the large value of the t-quark mass. In nineties the hypothesis was revisited assuming that…
We construct a model for the quark mass and flavor mixing matrices, based on the hypothesis that the flavor weak eigenstates in the three families are distinguished by a spontaneously broken discrete $Z_6$ chiral symmetry. In a leading…
Flavor mixing and the quark mass spectrum are intimately related. In view of the observed strong hierarchy of the quark and lepton masses and of the flavor mixing angles it is argued that the description of flavor mixing must take this into…
In view of the observed strong hierarchy of the quark and lepton masses and of the flavor mixing angles it is argued that the description of flavor mixing must take this into account. One particular interesting way to describe the flavor…
The mass matrix forms of quarks and leptons are discussed in theory with permutation flavor symmetry. The structure of scalar potential is analyzed in case that electroweak doublet Higgs fields have non-trivial flavor symmetry charges. We…