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Quantum metrology makes use of coherent superpositions to detect weak signals. While in principle the sensitivity can be improved by increasing the density of sensing particles, in practice this improvement is severely hindered by…
Quantum sensing utilizes quantum systems as sensors to capture weak signal, and provides new opportunities in nowadays science and technology. The strongest adversary in quantum sensing is decoherence due to the coupling between the sensor…
In quantum physics, all measured observables are subject to statistical uncertainties, which arise from the quantum nature as well as the experimental technique. We consider the statistical uncertainty of the so-called sampling method, in…
Quantum measurements under realistic conditions reveal only partial information about a system. Yet, by performing sequential measurements on the same system, additional information can be accessed. We investigate this problem in the…
Quantum systems used for metrology can offer enhanced precision over their classical counterparts. The design of quantum sensors can be optimized by maximizing the quantum Fisher information (QFI), which characterizes the precision of…
The standard model of the quantum theory of measurement is based on an interaction Hamiltonian in which the observable-to-be-measured is multiplied with some observable of a probe system. This simple Ansatz has proved extremely fruitful in…
The existence of incompatible measurements, epitomized by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, is one of the distinctive features of quantum theory. So far, quantum incompatibility has been studied for measurements that test the preparation…
We present a review on quantum metrology and sensing, from its foundations to current applications. Highlights of the review include consideration of both frequentist and Bayesian approaches to parameter estimation; single as well as…
Quantum sensors may provide extremely high sensitivity and precision to extract key information in a quantum or classical physical system. A fundamental question is whether a quantum sensor is capable of uniquely inferring unknown…
Efficient methods for characterizing the performance of quantum measurements are important in the experimental quantum sciences. Ideally, one requires both a physically relevant distinguishability measure between measurement operations and…
Quantum measurements are not deterministic. For this reason quantum measurements are repeated for a number of shots on identically prepared systems. The uncertainty in each measurement depends on the number of shots and the expected outcome…
Besides the classical motivation of fusing evidence from multiple sources, modern inferential procedures based on randomization, resampling, and data splitting often introduce analyst-generated multiplicity, where aggregating outputs across…
By analyzing the relationships among chance, weight of evidence and degree of beliefwe show that the assertion "probability functions are special cases of belief functions" and the assertion "Dempster's rule can be used to combine belief…
This article is concerned with decentralized sequential testing of multiple hypotheses. In a sensor network system with limited local memory, raw observations are observed at the local sensors, and quantized into binary sensor messages that…
The process of information fusion needs to deal with a large number of uncertain information with multi-source, heterogeneity, inaccuracy, unreliability, and incompleteness. In practical engineering applications, Dempster-Shafer evidence…
In recent years, increasing attentions are paid on object detection in remote sensing imagery. However, traditional optical detection is highly susceptible to illumination and weather anomaly. It is a challenge to effectively utilize the…
In this paper we provide a general account of the causal models which attempt to provide a solution to the famous measurement problem of Quantum Mechanics (QM). We will argue that --leaving aside instrumentalism which restricts the physical…
Quantum simulators, in which well controlled quantum systems are used to reproduce the dynamics of less understood ones, have the potential to explore physics that is inaccessible to modeling with classical computers. However, checking the…
Quantum sensors are among the most promising quantum technologies, allowing to attain the ultimate precision limit for parameter estimation. In order to achieve this, it is required to fully control and optimize what constitutes the…
In this paper, we demonstrate that a new measure of evidence we developed called the Dempster-Shafer p-value which allow for insights and interpretations which retain most of the structure of the p-value while covering for some of the…