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We present a sorting algorithm for the case of recurrent random comparison errors. The algorithm essentially achieves simultaneously good properties of previous algorithms for sorting $n$ distinct elements in this model. In particular, it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Barbara Geissmann , Stefano Leucci , Chih-Hung Liu , Paolo Penna

This paper describes an efficient reduction of the learning problem of ranking to binary classification. The reduction guarantees an average pairwise misranking regret of at most that of the binary classifier regret, improving a recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-12-07 Nir Ailon , Mehryar Mohri

We consider the problem of sorting $n$ elements subject to persistent random comparison errors. In this problem, each comparison between two elements can be wrong with some fixed (small) probability $p$, and comparing the same pair of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Barbara Geissmann , Stefano Leucci , Chih-Hung Liu , Paolo Penna

Sorting is a fundamental problem in computer science. In the classical setting, it is well-known that $(1\pm o(1)) n\log_2 n$ comparisons are both necessary and sufficient to sort a list of $n$ elements. In this paper, we study the Noisy…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Yuzhou Gu , Yinzhan Xu

We prove a general lower bound on the average-case complexity of Shellsort: the average number of data-movements (and comparisons) made by a $p$-pass Shellsort for any incremental sequence is $\Omega (pn^{1 + 1/p})$ for every $p$. The proof…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-01-29 Tao Jiang , Ming Li , Paul Vitanyi

The analyses of many algorithms and data structures (such as digital search trees) for searching and sorting are based on the representation of the keys involved as bit strings and so count the number of bit comparisons. On the other hand,…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-14 James Allen Fill , Svante Janson

We consider the quantum complexities of the following three problems: searching an ordered list, sorting an un-ordered list, and deciding whether the numbers in a list are all distinct. Letting N be the number of elements in the input list,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-30 Peter Hoyer , Jan Neerbek , Yaoyun Shi

We find a searching method on ordered lists that surprisingly outperforms binary searching with respect to average query complexity while retaining minmax optimality. The method is shown to require $O(\log_2\log_2 n)$ queries on average…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-26 I. F. D. Oliveira , R. H. C. Takahashi

The complexity of the Quicksort algorithm is usually measured by the number of key comparisons used during its execution. When operating on a list of $n$ data, permuted uniformly at random, the appropriately normalized complexity $Y_n$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-01-25 Ralph Neininger

We examine sorting algorithms for $n$ elements whose basic operation is comparing $t$ elements simultaneously (a $t$-comparator). We focus on algorithms that use only a single round or two rounds -- comparisons performed in the second round…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Ran Gelles , Zvi Lotker , Frederik Mallmann-Trenn

We continue the study of selection and sorting of $n$ numbers under the adversarial comparator model, where comparisons can be adversarially tampered with if the arguments are sufficiently close. We derive a randomized sorting algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chris Trevisan

We consider the problem of sorting $n$ elements in the case of \emph{persistent} comparison errors. In this model (Braverman and Mossel, SODA'08), each comparison between two elements can be wrong with some fixed (small) probability $p$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Barbara Geissmann , Stefano Leucci , Chih-Hung Liu , Paolo Penna

We investigate the complexity of sorting in the model of sequential quantum circuits. While it is known that in general a quantum algorithm based on comparisons alone cannot outperform classical sorting algorithms by more than a constant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hartmut Klauck

We revisit the well-known problem of sorting under partial information: sort a finite set given the outcomes of comparisons between some pairs of elements. The input is a partially ordered set P, and solving the problem amounts to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-22 Jean Cardinal , Samuel Fiorini , Gwenaël Joret , Raphaël Jungers , J. Ian Munro

Smoothed analysis is a framework for analyzing the complexity of an algorithm, acting as a bridge between average and worst-case behaviour. For example, Quicksort and the Simplex algorithm are widely used in practical applications, despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-29 Bichen Shi , Michel Schellekens , Georgiana Ifrim

An exact formula \[ B(n) = \frac{n}{2}(\lfloor \lg n \rfloor + 1) - \sum _{k=0} ^{\lfloor \lg n \rfloor} 2^k Zigzag(\frac{n}{2^{k+1}}), \] where \[ Zigzag (x) = \min (x - \lfloor x \rfloor, \lceil x \rceil - x), \] for the minimal number $…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Marek A. Suchenek

In our previous work there was some indication that Partition Sort could be having a more robust average case O(nlogn) complexity than the popular Quick Sort. In our first study in this paper, we reconfirm this through computer experiments…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-03-28 Niraj Kumar Singh , Mita Pal , Soubhik Chakraborty

Sorting is one of the fundamental problems in computer science. Playing a role in many processes, it has a lower complexity bound imposed by $\mathcal{O}(n\log{n})$ when executing on a sequential machine. This limit can be brought down to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Daniel Bascones , Borja Morcillo

We introduce new stable natural merge sort algorithms, called $2$-merge sort and $\alpha$-merge sort. We prove upper and lower bounds for several merge sort algorithms, including Timsort, Shivers' sort, $\alpha$-stack sorts, and our new…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Sam Buss , Alexander Knop

We study a fundamental model of online preference aggregation, where an algorithm maintains an ordered list of $n$ elements. An input is a stream of preferred sets $R_1, R_2, \dots, R_t, \dots$. Upon seeing $R_t$ and without knowledge of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Marcin Bienkowski , Marcin Mucha