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Individual multi-loop diagrams for the massive Sudakov form factor contain an infinite tower of ultra-collinear momentum regions. We show that, for the on-shell form factor in QCD, these contributions cancel to all orders as a consequence…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-06 Marvin Schnubel , Jakob Schoenleber , Robert Szafron

We consider the scattering of massless particles coupled to an abelian gauge field in 2n-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. Weinberg's soft photon theorem is recast as Ward identities for infinitely many new nontrivial symmetries of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-10 Daniel Kapec , Vyacheslav Lysov , Andrew Strominger

The soft photon theorem in U(1) gauge theories with only massless charged particles has recently been shown to be the Ward identity of an infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry group. This symmetry group is comprised of gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-10 Daniel Kapec , Monica Pate , Andrew Strominger

In [1,2] it was shown that the subleading soft photon theorem in tree level amplitudes in massless QED is equivalent to a new class of symmetries of the theory parameterized by a vector field on the celestial sphere. In this paper, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-04 Alok Laddha , Prahar Mitra

Factorization is possible due to the universal behavior of Yang-Mills theories in soft and collinear limits. Here, we take a small step towards a more transparent understanding of these limits by proving a form of perturbative factorization…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-09-25 Ilya Feige , Matthew D. Schwartz

We consider two applications of the factorization of infrared dynamics in QED and gravity. The first is a redefinition of the Lorentz transformations that makes them commute with supertranslations. The other is the process of particle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-30 Reza Javadinezhad , Uri Kol , Massimo Porrati

We prove collinear factorization theorem for the process $\pi\gamma^*\to\pi$ at the twist-3 level in the covariant gauge by means of the Ward identity, concentrating on the two-parton case. It is shown that soft divergences cancel and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-09-13 Makiko Nagashima , Hsiang-nan Li

It was shown by F. Low in the 1950s that the subleading terms of soft photon S-matrix elements obey a universal linear relation. In this paper we give a new interpretation to this old relation, for the case of massless QED, as an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-17 Vyacheslav Lysov , Sabrina Pasterski , Andrew Strominger

The main focus of this work is to study magnetic soft charges of the four dimensional Maxwell theory. Imposing appropriate asymptotic falloff conditions, we compute the electric and magnetic soft charges and their algebra both at spatial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-21 V. Hosseinzadeh , A. Seraj , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

We use the subleading soft-graviton theorem to construct an operator $T_{zz}$ whose insertion in the four-dimensional tree-level quantum gravity $\mathcal{S}$-matrix obeys the Virasoro-Ward identities of the energy momentum tensor of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-27 Daniel Kapec , Prahar Mitra , Ana-Maria Raclariu , Andrew Strominger

This chapter reviews the construction of ``soft-collinear gravity'', the effective field theory which describes the interaction of collinear and soft gravitons with matter (and themselves), to all orders in the soft-collinear power…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-20 Martin Beneke , Patrick Hager , Robert Szafron

We study exponentiated soft exchange in $d+2$ dimensional gauge and gravitational theories using the celestial CFT formalism. These models exhibit spontaneously broken asymptotic symmetries generated by gauge transformations with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Daniel Kapec , Prahar Mitra

Previous analyses of asymptotic symmetries in QED have shown that the subleading soft photon theorem implies a Ward identity corresponding to a charge generating divergent large gauge transformations on the asymptotic states at null…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-28 Temple He , Prahar Mitra

We derive a factorization theorem for the structure-dependent QED effects in the weak exclusive process $B^-\to\ell^-\bar\nu_\ell$, i.e., effects probing the internal structure of the $B$ meson. The derivation requires a careful treatment…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-23 Claudia Cornella , Matthias König , Matthias Neubert

Soft theorems in gauge theory and gravity encode the universal properties of scattering amplitudes as the zero frequency limit of one or more external states is approached. When the participating particles are treated in the massless limit,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-15 Nikhil Kalyanapuram

We study the relation between emergent 1-form symmetries and soft photon theorems in QED. We show that in the relevant massive and massless kinematic regimes, described respectively by HQET and SCET, the soft sector admits electric and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 Luigi Tizzano

We show that the amplitudes for B decays into two light mesons at leading order in soft-collinear effective theory are factorized to all orders in alpha_s. We construct gauge-invariant four-quark operators by employing the effective…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 Junegone Chay , Chul Kim

In this work, we propose an effective action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory for the Soft modes appearing in Quantum ElectroDynamics (QED) in 4 dimensions. This is motivated in two ways. First, we motivate the notion of an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-26 Shehab Fadda , Shin'ichi Nojiri

Soft limits of massless S-matrix are known to reflect symmetries of the theory. In particular for theories with Goldstone bosons, the double-soft limit of scalars reveals the coset structure of the vacuum manifold. In this letter, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-23 Wei-Ming Chen , Yu-tin Huang , Congkao Wen

Applying the dispersion approach we compute perturbative QCD corrections to the power suppressed soft contribution of $B \to \gamma \ell \nu$ at leading twist. QCD factorization for the $B \to \gamma^{\ast}$ form factors is demonstrated…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-03 Yu-Ming Wang