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The search for charged particle tracks in detectors with linear sensing elements, such as wire chambers, strip silicon detectors etc., starts with identification of straight track segments. The latter are deduced by constructing all…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-12-02 Alexander Belyaev , Sergey Avramenko , Geydar Agakishiev , Vladimir Pechenov , Viktor Rikhvitsky

In the past 10 years, two design innovations, the introduction of low internal gain (LGAD) and of resistive read-out (RSD), have radically changed the performance of silicon detectors. The LGAD mechanism, increasing the signal-to-noise…

This report reviews current trends in the R&D of semiconductor pixellated sensors for vertex tracking and radiation imaging. It identifies requirements of future HEP experiments at colliders, needed technological breakthroughs and…

Photographic emulsion is a particle tracking device which features the best spatial resolution among particle detectors. For certain applications, for example muon radiography, large-scale detectors are required. Therefore, a huge surface…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-03-07 T. Ariga , A. Ariga , K. Kuwabara , K. Morishima , M. Moto , A. Nishio , P. Scampoli , M. Vladymyrov

The combined vertexing and tracking performance of the innermost part of the FCC-ee experiments must deliver outstanding precision for measurement of the track momentum together with an impact parameter resolution exceeding by at least a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-28 Nicola Barchetta , Paula Collins , Petra Riedler

With an expected ten-fold increase in luminosity in S-LHC, the radiation environment in the tracker volumes will be considerably harsher for silicon-based detectors than the already harsh LHC environment. Since 2006, a group of CMS…

This article describes a new charged-particle track fitting algorithm designed for use in high-speed electronics applications such as hardware-based triggers in high-energy physics experiments. Following a novel technique designed for fast…

Silicon photonics has developed into a mainstream technology driven by advances in optical communications. The current generation has led to a proliferation of integrated photonic devices from thousands to millions - mainly in the form of…

High-resolution 3D tracking with sub-nanosecond timing is required for the detection of elementary particles, such as neutrinos. Conventional detectors, which utilize analog silicon photomultipliers, face challenges in balancing spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-24 Kodai Kaneyasu , Till Dieminger , Matthew Franks , Davide Sgalaberna , Claudio Bruschini , Edoardo Charbon

CMOS sensors were successfully implemented in the STAR tracker [1]. LHC experiments have shown that efficient b tagging, reconstruction of displaced vertices and identification of disappearing tracks are necessary. An improved vertex…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-21 Nicolas T. Fourches , Geraldine Hallais , Charles Renard

The complex system of the CMS all-silicon Tracker, with 15\,148 silicon strip and 1440 silicon pixel modules, requires sophisticated alignment procedures. In order to achieve an optimal track-parameter resolution, the position and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-08-31 Claus Kleinwort , Frank Meier

The extremely low dark current of silicon carbide (SiC) detectors, even after high-fluence irradiation, was utilized to develop a beam monitoring system for a wide range of particle rates, i.e., from the kHz to the GHz regime. The system is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-03-20 Simon Waid , Andreas Gsponer , Jürgen Maier , Philipp Gaggl , Richard Thalmeier , Thomas Bergauer

The amount of data produced by highly granular silicon tracking detectors in high energy physics experiments poses a major challenge to readout systems. At high collision rates, e.g. at LHC experiments, only a small fraction of data can be…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-06-29 Sebastian Dittmeier , André Schöning , Hans Kristian Soltveit , Dirk Wiedner

CLIC is a proposed linear e+e- collider designed to provide particle collisions at center-of-mass energies of up to 3 TeV. Precise measurements of the properties of the top quark and the Higgs boson, as well as searches for Beyond the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-06-21 Simon Spannagel

We report on the development of 3D silicon sensors at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). The sensor involves columnar electrodes (5 um in diameter) of both doping types, etched from the same wafer side. The p+…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-14 Kuo Ma , De Zhang , Shengjia He , Tian-ao Wang , Han Li , Yu Nie , Xiuxia Wang , Jinlan Peng , Zheng Liang , Xiang Li , Wenhua Shi , Manwen Liu , Chuan Liao , Zheng Li , Zebo Tang , Yanwen Liu

We report recent results on the use of charge division to obtain a longitudinal coordinate from silicon strip detectors, and on sources of electronic readout noise for long, thin strips. These results hold promise for the design of Linear…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-05-18 Jerome Carman , Kelsey Collier , Sean Crosby , Vitaliy Fadeyev , Bruce A. Schumm , Ned Spencer

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are the state-of-the-art technology in single-photon detection with solid-state detectors. Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), the key element of SiPMs, can now be manufactured in CMOS processes,…

Detectors based on pixels with timing capabilities are gaining increasing importance in the last years. Next-to-come high-energy physics experiments at colliders require the use of time information in tracking, due to the expected levels of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-01-27 Gian Matteo Cossu , Adriano Lai

With an active silicon area of more than 200 squaremetres, the silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment, one of the experiments currently under construction for the future Large Hadron Collider at CERN, will be by far the largest silicon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2008-11-26 Katja Klein

Several types of detectors are used to detect charged particles in particle and nuclear physics experiments. Since the semiconductor detector has superior spatial and kinematic resolutions as well as good response time than other types of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-02 Beomkyu Kim , Jeongsu Bok , Jaeyoon Cho , Jiyeon Cho , Jiyeon Kwon , Hyungjun Lee , Minjung Kweon
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