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I outline some of my work (some dating back to 1998, some more recent) on my matter-gravity entanglement hypothesis, according to which the entropy of a closed quantum gravitational system is equal to the system's matter-gravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-15 Bernard S. Kay

Hawking showed that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. We address the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy which increases throughout this process in a way consistent with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Bernard S. Kay

The information loss paradox is usually stated as an incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, the assumptions leading to the problem are often overlooked and, in fact, a careful inspection of the main…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-19 Luca Buoninfante , Francesco Di Filippo , Shinji Mukohyama

It is usually stated that the information storing region associated with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is enclosed by a sphere of diameter equal twice the Schwarzschild radius. We point out that this cannot apply to a quantum black hole.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-26 Abram Akal

We consider a quantized scalar field in a two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime with a moving mirror and propose a definition of moving-mirror entropy associated with temporarily inaccessible information about the future.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Shinji Mukohyama , Werner Israel

The conservation of information of evaporating black holes is a very natural consequence of unitarity which is the fundamental symmetry of quantum mechanics. In order to study the conservation of information, we need to understand the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-02 Jeong-Myeong Bae , Dong Jin Lee , Dong-han Yeom , Heeseung Zoe

Observers following special classes of finite-lifetime trajectories have been shown to experience an effective temperature, a generalisation of the Unruh temperature for uniformly accelerated observers. We consider a mirror following such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-03 Joshua Foo , Sho Onoe , Magdalena Zych , Timothy C. Ralph

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann's equation $S=\log{\cal N}$, hence represents almost all the accessible phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Erik Aurell , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki

The quantum entanglement entropy of an eternal black hole is studied. We argue that the relevant Euclidean path integral is taken over fields defined on $\alpha$-fold covering of the black hole instanton. The statement that divergences of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-24 Sergey N. Solodukhin

We study thermodynamic properties and the entanglement island of a black hole in asymptotically safe quantum gravity, analyzing key thermodynamic quantities such as the Hawking temperature, heat capacity, and entropy, as well as the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-29 Sobhan Kazempour , Sichun Sun , Chengye Yu

The moving mirror model is designed to extract essential features of the black hole formation and the subsequent Hawking radiation by neglecting complication due to a finite curvature. We extend this approach to dynamically treat back…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-01 M. Hotta , M. Shino , M. Yoshimura

Continuity across the shock wave of two regions in the metric during the formation of a black hole can be relaxed in order to achieve information preservation. A Planck scale sized spacetime discontinuity leads to unitarity (a constant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-04 Michael R. R. Good

In this invited review, we discuss the evaporation of a black hole, with emphasis on the resulting macroscopically distinct patterns of Hawking radiation. The density matrix of this radiation can approach a pure final state in the form of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-19 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, we introduce the information loss problem; second, we provide a critical assessment by thoroughly inspecting the assumptions underlying its formulations. In particular, we argue that if we work in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-02 Luca Buoninfante , Francesco Di Filippo

The black hole information paradox has been an important problem in quantum gravity. In the study of evaporating black hole, it has been proposed that the holographic map between the semi-classical effective description in bulk and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-25 Bin Chen , Zhi-jun Yin

The information conservation principle is probed for classically isolated systems, like the Hubble sphere and black holes, for which the rise of entanglement entropy across their horizons is expected. We accept the analogy of Landauer's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-27 Merab Gogberashvili , Beka Modrekiladze

We formulate a version of the information paradox in de Sitter spacetime and show that it is solved by the emergence of entanglement islands in the context of the DS/dS correspondence; in particular, the entanglement entropy of a subregion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-09 Hao Geng , Yasunori Nomura , Hao-Yu Sun

An important reason why it is currently difficult to unify relativity theory and quantum theory is the quantum information paradox. The information engulfment pointed out by general relativity violates the principles of quantum mechanics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-30 Yangting Liu

It was found in [Phys.Lett.B 675 (2009) 98] that information is conserved in the process of black hole evaporation, by using the tunneling formulism and considering the correlations between emitted particles. In this Letter, we shall…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Yi-Xin Chen , Kai-Nan Shao

First, the relation between black holes and limitations on information of other systems is developed. After reviewing the relation of entropy to information, we derive the entropy bound, review its applications to cosmology and its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jacob D. Bekenstein