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In this note, we apply Stein's method to analyze the steady-state distribution of queueing systems in the traditional heavy-traffic regime. Compared to previous methods (e.g., drift method and transform method), Stein's method allows us to…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Xingyu Zhou , Ness Shroff

Stein's method is used to study discrete representations of multidimensional distributions that arise as approximations of states of quantum harmonic oscillators. These representations model how quantum effects result from the interaction…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Ian W. McKeague , Yvik Swan

In this thesis, we study the queueing systems with heterogeneous servers and service rate uncertainty under the Halfin-Whitt heavy traffic regime. First, we analyse many server queues with abandonments when service rates are i.i.d. random…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-04 Wenyi Qin

Despite the remarkable empirical success of score-based diffusion models, their statistical guarantees remain underdeveloped. Existing analyses often provide pessimistic convergence rates that do not reflect the intrinsic low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Saptarshi Chakraborty , Quentin Berthet , Peter L. Bartlett

In this paper, a modification of the conventional approximations to the quasi-maximum likelihood method is introduced for the parameter estimation of diffusion processes from discrete observations. This is based on a convergent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-12-19 J. C. Jimenez

One of the key ingredients to successfully apply Stein's method for distributional approximation are solutions to the Stein equations and their derivatives. Using Barbour's generator approach, one can solve for the solutions to the Stein…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-04 Han L. Gan

In (Barbour, 1990) foundations for diffusion approximation via Stein's method are laid. This paper has been cited more than 130 times and is a cornerstone in the area of Stein's method. A semigroup argument is used therein to solve a Stein…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-04-18 Mikolaj J. Kasprzak , Andrew B. Duncan , Sebastian J. Vollmer

We develop a diffusion approximation for systems subject to fast random resetting by small amplitudes. Equivalently, this describes systems with frequent but small catastrophes. We demonstrate the validity of the approximation by computing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-26 Tobias Galla

We develop the tools necessary to use Stein's method for approximation by a Borel distribution, which we illustrate by considering the approximation of the number of customers served in the busy period of an M/G/1 queue. We further derive…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Fraser Daly , Seva Shneer

Stein's method for measuring convergence to a continuous target distribution relies on an operator characterizing the target and Stein factor bounds on the solutions of an associated differential equation. While such operators and bounds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-14 Jackson Gorham , Andrew B. Duncan , Sebastian J. Vollmer , Lester Mackey

Diffusion models have achieved huge empirical success in data generation tasks. Recently, some efforts have been made to adapt the framework of diffusion models to discrete state space, providing a more natural approach for modeling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-15 Hongrui Chen , Lexing Ying

Modelling random dynamical systems in continuous time, diffusion processes are a powerful tool in many areas of science. Model parameters can be estimated from time-discretely observed processes using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods…

Computation · Statistics 2020-10-12 Susanne Pieschner , Christiane Fuchs

Diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in generation problems over various domains including images, videos, text, and audio. A practical bottleneck of diffusion models is their sampling speed, due to the repeated evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Taehong Moon , Moonseok Choi , EungGu Yun , Jongmin Yoon , Gayoung Lee , Jaewoong Cho , Juho Lee

In this article, we first obtain, for the Kolmogorov distance, an error bound between a tempered stable and a compound Poisson distribution and also an error bound between a tempered stable and an alpha stable distribution via Stein method.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-20 Kalyan Burman , Neelesh S Upadhye , Palaniappan Vellaisamy

Consider a particle diffusing in a confined volume which is divided into two equal regions. In one region the diffusion coefficient is twice the value of the diffusion coefficient in the other region. Will the particle spend equal…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-06-04 P. F. Tupper , Xin Yang

Diffusion models produce impressive results in modalities ranging from images and video to protein design and text. However, generating samples with user-specified properties remains a challenge. Recent research proposes fine-tuning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Raghav Singhal , Zachary Horvitz , Ryan Teehan , Mengye Ren , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown , Rajesh Ranganath

Consistency models, which were proposed to mitigate the high computational overhead during the sampling phase of diffusion models, facilitate single-step sampling while attaining state-of-the-art empirical performance. When integrated into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-13 Gen Li , Zhihan Huang , Yuting Wei

We propose a unified method for the large space-time scaling limit of \emph{linear} collisional kinetic equations in the whole space. The limit is of \emph{fractional} diffusion type for heavy tail equilibria with slow enough decay, and of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Emeric Bouin , Clément Mouhot

Generative modeling within constrained sets is essential for scientific and engineering applications involving physical, geometric, or safety requirements (e.g., molecular generation, robotics). We present a unified framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kijung Jeon , Michael Muehlebach , Molei Tao

We develop a new technique, based on Stein's method, for comparing two stationary distributions of irreducible Markov Chains whose update rules are `close enough'. We apply this technique to compare Ising models on $d$-regular expander…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-18 Guy Bresler , Dheeraj M. Nagaraj