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Related papers: Lightning Chemistry on Earth-like Exoplanets

200 papers

Emission spectroscopy is a promising technique to observe atmospheres of rocky exoplanets, probing both their chemistry and thermal profiles. We present HyDRo, an atmospheric retrieval framework for thermal emission spectra of rocky…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Anjali A. A. Piette , Nikku Madhusudhan , Avi M. Mandell

Space weather in exoplanetary systems, driven by transient stellar emissions such as flares, coronal mass ejections, and stellar proton events, can significantly influence planetary habitability and the long-term evolution of atmospheres.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-23 Howard Chen , Paolo De Luca , Assaf Hochman , Thaddeus D. Komacek

Even though sub-Neptunes likely represent the most common outcome of planet formation, their natures remain poorly understood. In particular, planets near 1.5-2.5$\,R_\oplus$ often have bulk densities that can be explained equally well with…

There are many open questions about prebiotic chemistry in both planetary and exoplanetary environments. The increasing number of known exoplanets and other ultra-cool, substellar objects has propelled the desire to detect life and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 Paul B Rimmer , Christiane Helling

Recent transmission spectroscopy has revealed that clouds and hazes are common in the atmospheres of close-in exoplanets. In this study, using the photochemical, microphysical, and transmission spectrum models for close-in warm ($\lesssim$…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Yui Kawashima , Masahiro Ikoma

A number of transiting, potentially habitable Earth-sized exoplanets have recently been detected around several nearby M dwarf stars. These worlds represent important targets for atmospheric characterization for the upcoming NASA James Webb…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Megan T. Gialluca , Tyler D. Robinson , Sarah Rugheimer , Fabian Wunderlich

Astronomical surveys have identified numerous exoplanets with bulk compositions that are unlike the planets of the Solar System, including rocky super-Earths and gas-enveloped sub-Neptunes. Observing the atmospheres of these objects…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Tim Lichtenberg , Oliver Shorttle , Johanna Teske , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

Spectral features in the observed spectra of exoplanets depend on the composition of their atmospheres. A good knowledge of the main atmospheric processes that drive the chemical distribution is therefore essential to interpret exoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-26 João M. Mendonça , Shang-Min Tsai , Matej Malik , Simon L. Grimm , Kevin Heng

With the aim of connecting the compositions of stars and planets, we present the abundances of carbon and oxygen, as well as iron and nickel, for the transiting exoplanet host star XO-2N and its wide-separation binary companion XO-2S.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 Johanna K. Teske , Simon C. Schuler , Katia Cunha , Verne V. Smith , Caitlin A. Griffith

The search for habitable conditions and signs of life on exoplanets is a major frontier in modern astronomy. Detecting atmospheric signatures of Earth-like exoplanets is challenging due to their small sizes and relatively thin atmospheres.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-19 Nikku Madhusudhan

Impacts by rocky and icy bodies are thought to have played a key role in shaping the composition of solar system objects, including the Earth's habitability. Hence, it is likely that they play a similar role in exoplanetary systems. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-26 Felix Sainsbury-Martinez , Catherine Walsh , Greg Cooke

We investigate at what abundances various hydrocarbon molecules (e.g. acetylene (C$_2$H$_2$), ethylene (C$_2$H$_4$), and methane (CH$_4$)) become detectable when observing the atmospheres of various planets using JWST. We focused on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-03 Danny Gasman , Michiel Min , Katy L. Chubb

Studying the atmospheres of exoplanets is one of the most promising ways to learn about distant worlds beyond our solar system. The composition of an exoplanet's atmosphere can provide critical insights into its geology and potential…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-05 Surangkhana Rukdee

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a key feedstock molecule for the production of life's building blocks. The formation of HCN in an N$_2$-rich atmospheres requires first that the triple bond between N$\equiv$N be severed, and then that the atomic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-22 Paul B. Rimmer , Sarah Rugheimer

Given the forthcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) which will allow observ- ing exoplanet atmospheres with unprecedented signal-over-noise ratio, spectral coverage and spatial resolution, the uncertainties in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 Jean-Loup Baudino , Paul Molliere , Olivia Venot , Pascal Tremblin , Bruno Bezard , Pierre-Olivier Lagage

Although non-greenhouse gases can vary substantially in abundance in Earth-like atmospheres, their climatic influences remain insufficiently understood. To investigate how such gases regulate climate, we vary the abundance of N$_2$ as a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Tetsuo Taki , Hiroyuki Kurokawa , Yuka Fujii , Kosuke Aoki

The chemical abundances of exoplanet atmospheres may provide valuable information about the bulk compositions, formation pathways, and evolutionary histories of planets. Exoplanets with large, relatively cloud-free atmospheres, and which…

Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets has the potential to provide precise measurements of atmospheric chemical abundances, in particular of hot Jupiters whose large sizes and high temperatures make them conducive to such observations. To…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-07 Arazi Pinhas , Nikku Madhusudhan , Siddharth Gandhi , Ryan J. MacDonald

Light-matter interactions lie at the heart of our exploration of exoplanetary atmospheres. Interpreting data obtained by remote sensing is enabled by meticulous, time- and resource-consuming work aiming at deepening our understanding of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-06 Laurent Wiesenfeld , Prajwal Niraula , Julien de Wit , Nejmeddine Jaïdane , Iouli E. Gordon , Robert J. Hargreaves

We have developed a characterization of the geological evolution of the Earths atmosphere and surface in order to model the observable spectra of an Earth-like planet through its geological history. These calculations are designed to guide…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-16 L. Kaltenegger , W. A. Traub , K. W. Jucks